Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Med Humanit. 2020 Jun;46(2):e1. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2019-011746. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
Health concerns by migrants have been neglected in the German healthcare system, and they are impacted by discriminating discourses of othering. By analysing two autobiographical illness narratives by immigrants in contemporary Germany, this article exposes limitations in existing discourses of migration health and argues for more relational and affirmative theories of illness and care. Evelyn Leandro's diary The Living Death: The Struggle with a Long-Forgotten Illness (2017) describes her own drawn-out therapy against leprosy as a Brazilian in Berlin. In Mr Kiyak Thought That the Best Part of His Life Will Start Now (2013), the Turkish-German journalist Mely Kiyak narrates her father's experience with advanced lung cancer in a German hospital. Drawing on medical anthropology, postcolonial theory and material (eco)feminism, I argue that these narratives establish migrant health and agency in transnational assemblages that include chemotherapy, lungs and skin, family networks, healthcare providers, food cultures and health policies. These assemblages of illness are connected with the narratives' hybrid and relational aesthetics and politics: similar to Gloria Anzaldúa's practice of autohistoria-teoría, I show how Kiyak's and Leandro's life writing combines personal and communal storytelling with critical theorising to include diverse voices, languages, histories and identities. By transgressing identities of self and other, German and foreign, patient and physician, human and non-human, the narratives inspire a greater sense of the extent to which (all) bodies, histories, cultures, technology and medicine are entangled in a dense network of relations. This article envisions a relational and hybrid ontology and aesthetics of migration health and thereby intervenes into the growing field of transcultural medicine and medical humanities.
移民的健康问题在德国医疗体系中被忽视,他们受到将移民他者化的歧视性话语的影响。本文通过分析当代德国两位移民的自传体疾病叙事,揭示了现有移民健康话语的局限性,并主张采用更具关系性和肯定性的疾病和护理理论。伊芙琳·莱安德罗(Evelyn Leandro)的日记《活着的死亡:与被遗忘的疾病的斗争》(2017 年)描述了她作为巴西人在柏林接受麻风病漫长治疗的经历。在《基雅克先生以为他人生中最好的部分即将开始》(2013 年)中,土耳其裔德国记者梅利·基雅克(Mely Kiyak)叙述了她父亲在德国一家医院接受晚期肺癌治疗的经历。本文借鉴医学人类学、后殖民理论和物质(生态)女性主义,认为这些叙述在包括化疗、肺部和皮肤、家庭网络、医疗保健提供者、饮食文化和健康政策在内的跨国组合中确立了移民的健康和能动性。这些疾病组合与叙述的混合和关系美学和政治相关:类似于格洛丽亚·安扎尔杜阿(Gloria Anzaldúa)的自传理论实践,我展示了基雅克和莱安德罗的生活写作如何将个人和社区的故事讲述与批判性理论相结合,以纳入各种声音、语言、历史和身份。通过跨越自我和他者、德国和外国、病人和医生、人类和非人类的身份,这些叙述激发了一种更强烈的认识,即(所有)身体、历史、文化、技术和医学都纠缠在一个密集的关系网络中。本文设想了一种关系性和混合性的移民健康本体论和美学,并以此干预不断发展的跨文化医学和医学人文领域。