Blättner Beate, Janson Debora, Roth Alexandra, Grewe Henny Annette, Mücke Hans-Guido
Hochschule Fulda, Leipzigerstr. 123, 36037, Fulda, Deutschland.
Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020 Aug;63(8):1013-1019. doi: 10.1007/s00103-020-03189-6.
Heat extremes are one of the most perceptible health risks of climate change. In the field of prevention, Germany relies on recommendations for heat health action plans and on programs to support such measures.
To give an overview of measures and projects for the prevention of heat-related mortality and morbidity that have been established in Germany.
Activities and projects covering heat and human health since 2003 were identified by database and Internet search. Projects just indirectly related to human health were excluded. We recorded federal states and funding agencies, and which of the eight core elements of the Federal Ministry for the Environment recommendations for action are addressed by the measure.
Of the 190 projects, 19 can be assigned the keyword "heat health action plan", although these are very heterogeneous activities. The individual measures partly covered several criteria of the recommendations for action: 70.0% concern urban planning and construction, 37.4% information and communication, 24.2% vulnerable groups, 17.9% reducing indoor heat, 15.3% the use of a heat warning system, 13.7% each for central coordination, interdisciplinary cooperation, and the preparation of health and social systems, and 5.3% refer to monitoring and evaluation of measures.
The number of measures and projects in Germany is considerable. However, it remains unclear whether these actions meet the criteria for effective medium- and short-term protection.
极端高温是气候变化最明显的健康风险之一。在预防领域，德国依靠热健康行动计划的建议以及支持此类措施的项目。
概述德国已制定的预防与高温相关的死亡率和发病率的措施及项目。
通过数据库和互联网搜索确定了自2003年以来涵盖高温与人类健康的活动和项目。排除了仅与人类健康间接相关的项目。我们记录了联邦州和资助机构，以及该措施涉及环境部行动建议的八个核心要素中的哪些要素。
在190个项目中，有19个可归类为关键词“热健康行动计划”，尽管这些活动非常多样化。各项措施部分涵盖了行动建议的多个标准：70.0%涉及城市规划与建设，37.4%涉及信息与沟通，24.2%涉及弱势群体，17.9%涉及降低室内温度，15.3%涉及使用高温预警系统，中央协调、跨学科合作以及卫生和社会系统的准备各占13.7%，5.3%涉及措施的监测与评估。
德国的措施和项目数量可观。然而，这些行动是否符合有效中长期保护的标准仍不明确。
