Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Lasers Surg Med. 2021 Mar;53(3):411-417. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23297. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
To compare temporal rates of debris removal from an artificial root canal for three laser-assisted irrigation modalities single-pulse super short pulse (SSP), and two dual-pulse X-SWEEPS and AutoSWEEPS, and for two fiber-tip (FT) geometries flat and radial, and to evaluate the dependence of the debris flushing rate on the delay between the SWEEPS laser pulse pair.
STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser-assisted irrigation was performed with a pulsed Er:YAG laser operating in single-pulse SSP and dual-pulse SWEEPS laser modalities. The laser energy was delivered to the water-filled model access cavity through a FT with either a flat or radial ending. The X-SWEEPS modality delivered pairs of laser pulses separated by a fixed adjustable delay, while with the AutoSWEEPS modality the delay was automatically and repeatedly swept between 200 and 600 microseconds. The debris removal rate was determined with the use of a digital camera by measuring the rate at which a simulated debris was being flushed out of the artificial root canal.
The simulated debris removal rate of the AutoSWEEPS modality is almost three times higher compared with that of the SSP modality. Further, the flat FT outperforms the radial FT by a factor of more than five in the case of SSP, and by more than 10 with AutoSWEEPS. The X-SWEEPS flushing rate exhibits strong dependence on the delay between the SWEEPS pulse pair, with the highest removal rate measured to be more than seven times higher in comparison with SSP.
Dual-pulse laser irrigation modalities (AutoSWEEPS and X-SWEEPS) exhibit significantly higher simulated debris removal rates in comparison with the standard single-pulse SSP laser-assisted irrigation. As opposed to the previously reported dependence of pressure generation on FT geometry, the flat FT's simulated debris removal rate significantly outperforms the radial FT. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
比较三种激光辅助冲洗模式（单脉冲超短脉冲（SSP）、双脉冲 X-SWEEPS 和 AutoSWEEPS）和两种光纤尖端（FT）几何形状（扁平形和放射形）从人工根管中清除碎片的时间率，并评估碎片冲洗率对 SWEEPS 激光脉冲对之间延迟的依赖性。
研究设计/材料和方法：使用脉冲 Er:YAG 激光进行激光辅助冲洗，该激光以单脉冲 SSP 和双脉冲 SWEEPS 激光模式运行。激光能量通过具有扁平或放射状末端的 FT 输送到充满水的模型入口腔。X-SWEEPS 模式以固定的可调延迟传递激光脉冲对，而 AutoSWEEPS 模式则自动且重复地在 200 至 600 μs 之间扫频延迟。通过使用数字相机测量模拟碎片冲出人工根管的速度来确定碎片去除率。
AutoSWEEPS 模式的模拟碎片去除率几乎是 SSP 模式的三倍。此外，在 SSP 模式下，扁平 FT 的性能比放射形 FT 高出五倍以上，而在 AutoSWEEPS 模式下，性能高出 10 倍以上。X-SWEEPS 冲洗率对 SWEEPS 脉冲对之间的延迟具有很强的依赖性，与 SSP 相比，测量到的最高去除率高出 7 倍以上。
与标准单脉冲 SSP 激光辅助冲洗相比，双脉冲激光冲洗模式（AutoSWEEPS 和 X-SWEEPS）显示出更高的模拟碎片去除率。与先前报道的压力产生取决于 FT 几何形状的情况相反，扁平 FT 的模拟碎片去除率明显优于放射形 FT。© 2020 作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC 出版的《激光外科学与医学》。
