Jirak Peter, Mirna Moritz, Wernly Bernhard, Paar Vera, Hoppe Uta C, Lichtenauer Michael
Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 3;9(7):2087. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072087.
Biomarkers are defined as "cellular, biochemical or molecular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells, or fluids", providing "biological characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention "according to Hulka et al [...].
生物标志物被定义为“可在生物介质(如人体组织、细胞或体液)中测量的细胞、生化或分子改变”,根据胡尔卡等人[……]的说法,它提供“可客观测量和评估的生物学特征,作为正常生物学过程、致病过程或对治疗干预的药理反应的指标”。