Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Heart Fail Rev. 2018 Mar;23(2):237-253. doi: 10.1007/s10741-018-9683-2.
Heart failure (HF) is the end result of many different cardiac and non-cardiac abnormalities leading to a complex clinical entity. In this view, the use of biomarkers in HF should be deeply reconsidered; indeed, the same biomarker may carry a different significance in patients with preserved or reduced EF. The aim of this review is to reconsider the role of biomarkers in HF, based on the different clinical characteristics of this syndrome. The role of cardiac and non-cardiac biomarkers will be reviewed with respect of the different clinical manifestations of this syndrome.
心力衰竭（HF）是许多不同的心脏和非心脏异常导致复杂临床实体的最终结果。从这个角度来看，应该重新深入考虑心力衰竭中生物标志物的使用；实际上，在射血分数保留或降低的患者中，相同的生物标志物可能具有不同的意义。本综述的目的是根据该综合征的不同临床特征，重新考虑生物标志物在心力衰竭中的作用。将根据该综合征的不同临床表现来审查心脏和非心脏生物标志物的作用。
