Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France.
Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France.
Bioconjug Chem. 2020 Aug 19;31(8):1873-1882. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00287. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
With the current COVID-19 outbreak, it has become essential to develop efficient methods for the treatment and detection of this virus. Among the new approaches that could be tested, that relying on nanotechnology finds one of its main grounds in the similarity between nanoparticle (NP) and coronavirus (COV) sizes, which promotes NP-COV interactions. Since COVID-19 is very recent, most studies in this field have focused on other types of coronavirus than COVID-19, such as those involved in MERS or SARS diseases. Although their number is limited, they have led to promising results on various COV using a wide range of different types of nanosystems, e.g., nanoparticles, quantum dos, or nanoassemblies of polymers/proteins. Additional efforts deserve to be spent in this field to consolidate these findings. Here, I first summarize the different nanotechnology-based methods used for COV detection, i.e., optical, electrical, or PCR ones, whose sensitivity was improved by the presence of nanoparticles. Furthermore, I present vaccination methods, which comprise nanoparticles used either as adjuvants or as active principles. They often yield a better-controlled immune response, possibly due to an improved antigen presentation/processing than in non-nanoformulated vaccines. Certain antiviral approaches also took advantage of nanoparticle uses, leading to specific mechanisms such as the blocking of virus replication at the cellular level or the reduction of a COV induced apoptotic cellular death.
随着当前 COVID-19 疫情的爆发，开发有效的治疗和检测这种病毒的方法变得至关重要。在可能进行测试的新方法中，基于纳米技术的方法找到了其主要依据之一，即纳米颗粒 (NP) 和冠状病毒 (COV) 的大小相似，这促进了 NP-COV 相互作用。由于 COVID-19 是最近才出现的，该领域的大多数研究都集中在 COVID-19 以外的其他类型的冠状病毒上，例如与 MERS 或 SARS 疾病有关的冠状病毒。尽管它们的数量有限，但它们使用各种不同类型的纳米系统（例如纳米颗粒、量子点或聚合物/蛋白质的纳米组装体）对各种 COV 产生了有希望的结果。在这一领域值得投入更多的努力来巩固这些发现。在这里，我首先总结了用于 COV 检测的不同基于纳米技术的方法，即光学、电气或 PCR 方法，通过纳米颗粒的存在提高了它们的灵敏度。此外，我还介绍了疫苗接种方法，其中包括用作佐剂或活性成分的纳米颗粒。它们通常会产生更好控制的免疫反应，这可能是由于与非纳米配方疫苗相比，抗原呈递/加工得到了改善。某些抗病毒方法也利用了纳米颗粒的使用，从而产生了特定的机制，例如在细胞水平上阻止病毒复制或减少 COV 诱导的细胞凋亡。
