Krishnan Saravanan, Thirunavukarasu Ashokkumar, Jha Niraj Kumar, Gahtori Rekha, Roy Ayush Singha, Dholpuria Sunny, Kesari Kavindra Kumar, Singh Sachin Kumar, Dua Kamal, Gupta Piyush Kumar
Dhanvantari Nano Ayushadi Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 600017 India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot no. 32 - 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310 Uttar Pradesh India.
J Nanopart Res. 2021;23(10):229. doi: 10.1007/s11051-021-05341-y. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
Outbreak of infectious diseases imposes a serious threat to human population and also causes a catastrophic impact on global economy. Animal coronaviruses remain as one of the intriguing problems, known to cause deadly viral diseases on economically important animal population, and also these infections may spread to other animals and humans. Through isolation of the infected animals from others and providing appropriate treatment using antiviral drugs, it is possible to prevent the virus transmission from animals to other species. In recent times, antiviral drug-resistant strains are being emerged as a deadly virus which are known to cause pandemic. To overcome this, nanoparticles-based formulations are developed as antiviral agent which attacks the animal coronaviruses at multiple sites in the virus replication cycle. Nanovaccines are also being formulated to protect the animals from coronaviruses. Nanoformulations contain particles of one or more dimensions in nano-scale (few nanometers to 1000 nm), which could be inorganic or organic in nature. This review presents the comprehensive outline of the nanotechnology-based therapeutics formulated against animal coronaviruses, which includes the nanoparticles-based antiviral formulations and nanoparticles-based adjuvant vaccines. The mechanism of action of these nanoparticles-based antivirals against animal coronavirus is also discussed using relevant examples. In addition, the scope of repurposing the existing nano-enabled antivirals and vaccines to combat the coronavirus infections in animals is elaborated.
传染病的爆发对人类构成严重威胁，也对全球经济造成灾难性影响。动物冠状病毒仍然是一个引人关注的问题，已知会在对经济至关重要的动物群体中引发致命的病毒性疾病，而且这些感染可能会传播到其他动物和人类身上。通过将感染动物与其他动物隔离，并使用抗病毒药物进行适当治疗，可以防止病毒从动物传播到其他物种。近年来，抗病毒耐药菌株正成为一种致命病毒，已知会引发大流行。为了克服这一问题，基于纳米颗粒的制剂被开发为抗病毒剂，它在病毒复制周期的多个位点攻击动物冠状病毒。纳米疫苗也正在被研制以保护动物免受冠状病毒感染。纳米制剂包含纳米尺度（几纳米到1000纳米）的一维或多维颗粒，其性质可以是无机的或有机的。本综述概述了针对动物冠状病毒的基于纳米技术的疗法，其中包括基于纳米颗粒的抗病毒制剂和基于纳米颗粒的佐剂疫苗。还使用相关实例讨论了这些基于纳米颗粒的抗病毒药物对动物冠状病毒的作用机制。此外，还阐述了重新利用现有的纳米抗病毒药物和疫苗来对抗动物冠状病毒感染的范围。
