Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Prog Lipid Res. 2020 Nov;80:101051. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051. Epub 2020 Jul 5.
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
植物脂质具有多种应用，可为人类饮食提供必需脂肪酸。因此，人们越来越感兴趣的是更好地描述影响脂质数量和组成的遗传基础、调控网络和代谢途径。由于脂质代谢整合了环境、发育和组织特异性的线索，具有特定于上下文的特点，因此解决这些问题具有挑战性。在这里，我们系统地综述了调节油脂种子中储存脂质水平的已知代谢途径和调控相互作用。我们认为，当前对脂质代谢的理解为在全基因组植物代谢网络的背景下研究脂质代谢提供了基础，同时借助基于约束的建模和代谢通量分析的方法。重点是提供对植物脂质代谢途径建模最新进展的全面总结，然后将其与酵母和微藻中现有的建模工作进行对比。然后，我们指出脂质代谢知识的空白，并列举了利用全基因组关联和数量性状位点作图研究揭示脂质代谢遗传调控的最新进展。最后，我们探讨了基于约束的建模框架的进展如何推动对植物脂质代谢的进一步表征及其合理操作。
