Silent Spring Institute, Newton, MA, USA.
Silent Spring Institute, Newton, MA, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020 Dec 1;518:110927. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110927. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Breast cancer risk from pesticides may be missed if effects on mammary gland are not assessed in toxicology studies required for registration. Using US EPA's registration documents, we identified pesticides that cause mammary tumors or alter development, and evaluated how those findings were considered in risk assessment. Of 28 pesticides that produced mammary tumors, EPA's risk assessment acknowledges those tumors for nine and dismisses the remaining cases. For five pesticides that alter mammary gland development, the implications for lactation and cancer risk are not assessed. Many of the mammary-active pesticides activate pathways related to endocrine disruption: altering steroid synthesis in H295R cells, activating nuclear receptors, or affecting xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Clearer guidelines based on breast cancer biology would strengthen assessment of mammary gland effects, including sensitive histology and hormone measures. Potential cancer risks from several common pesticides should be re-evaluated, including: malathion, triclopyr, atrazine, propylene oxide, and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC).
如果在注册所需的毒理学研究中没有评估对乳腺的影响，可能会错过来自农药的乳腺癌风险。我们使用美国环保署的登记文件，确定了会导致乳腺肿瘤或改变发育的农药，并评估了这些发现如何在风险评估中被考虑。在 28 种导致乳腺肿瘤的农药中，美国环保署的风险评估仅承认其中 9 种，而驳回了其余病例。对于 5 种改变乳腺发育的农药，其对泌乳和癌症风险的影响未被评估。许多乳腺活性农药会激活与内分泌干扰相关的途径：在 H295R 细胞中改变类固醇合成，激活核受体，或影响外源性代谢酶。基于乳腺癌生物学的更明确指南将加强对乳腺效应的评估，包括敏感组织学和激素测量。几种常见农药的潜在癌症风险应重新评估，包括：马拉硫磷、三氯吡氧乙酸、莠去津、环氧丙烷和 3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯（IPBC）。
