Kumar Vineet, Guleria Praveen
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144012 India.
Curr Pollut Rep. 2020 Dec 12:1-21. doi: 10.1007/s40726-020-00165-1.
Environmental pollutants are threat to human beings. Pollutants can lead to human health and environment hazards. The purpose of this review is to summarize the work done on detection of environmental pollutants using DNA nanosensors and challenges in the areas that can be focused for safe environment.
Most of the DNA-based nanosensors designed so far use DNA as recognition element. ssDNA, dsDNA, complementary mismatched DNA, aptamers, and G-quadruplex DNA are commonly used as probes in nanosensors. More and more DNA sequences are being designed that can specifically detect various pollutants even simultaneously in complex milk, wastewater, soil, blood, tap water, river, and pond water samples. The feasibility of direct detection, ease of designing, and analysis makes DNA nanosensors fit for future point-of-care applications.
DNA nanosensors are easy to design and have good sensitivity. DNA component and nanomaterials can be designed in a controlled manner to detect various environmental pollutants. This review identifies the recent advances in DNA nanosensor designing and opportunities available to design nanosensors for unexplored pathogens, antibiotics, pesticides, GMO, heavy metals, and other toxic pollutant.
环境污染物对人类构成威胁。污染物会导致人类健康和环境危害。本综述的目的是总结利用DNA纳米传感器检测环境污染物的相关工作，以及在可致力于实现安全环境的领域所面临的挑战。
迄今为止设计的大多数基于DNA的纳米传感器都将DNA用作识别元件。单链DNA、双链DNA、互补错配DNA、适体和G-四链体DNA通常用作纳米传感器中的探针。越来越多的DNA序列被设计出来，它们能够在复杂的牛奶、废水、土壤、血液、自来水、河流和池塘水样中特异性地检测各种污染物，甚至能同时进行检测。直接检测的可行性、易于设计和分析使得DNA纳米传感器适用于未来的即时检测应用。
DNA纳米传感器易于设计且具有良好的灵敏度。DNA组件和纳米材料可以通过可控方式进行设计，以检测各种环境污染物。本综述确定了DNA纳米传感器设计方面的最新进展，以及为未开发的病原体、抗生素、农药、转基因生物、重金属和其他有毒污染物设计纳米传感器的机会。
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