Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 7;17(13):4885. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134885.
Increasing global urbanization limits interaction between people and natural environments, which may negatively impact population health and wellbeing. Urban residents who live near parks report better mental health. Physical activity (PA) reduces depression and improves quality of life. Despite PA's protective effects on mental health, the added benefit of urban park use for PA is unclear. Thus, we examined whether park-based PA mediated associations between park proximity and mental distress among 3652 New York City residents (61.4% 45 + years, 58.9% female, 56.3% non-white) who completed the 2010-2011 Physical Activity and Transit (PAT) random-digit-dial survey. Measures included number of poor mental health days in the previous month (outcome), self-reported time to walk to the nearest park from home (exposure), and frequency of park use for sports, exercise or PA (mediator). We used multiple regression with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) to test for mediation by park-based PA and moderation by gender, dog ownership, PA with others, and perceived park crime. Park proximity was indirectly associated with fewer days of poor mental health via park-based PA, but only among those not concerned about park crime (index of moderated mediation = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% BC CI = 0.01, 0.10). Investment in park safety and park-based PA promotion in urban neighborhoods may help to maximize the mental health benefits of nearby parks.
全球城市化的不断发展限制了人与自然环境的互动，这可能对人口健康和幸福感产生负面影响。居住在公园附近的城市居民报告称心理健康状况更好。身体活动（PA）可减轻抑郁症状并提高生活质量。尽管 PA 对心理健康有保护作用，但城市公园使用 PA 的额外益处尚不清楚。因此，我们研究了在纽约市 3652 名居民（45 岁及以上者占 61.4%，女性占 58.9%，非白种人占 56.3%）中，公园附近 PA 是否在公园接近度与心理困扰之间的关联中起中介作用，这些居民完成了 2010-2011 年体育和交通（PAT）随机数字拨号调查。测量指标包括上个月不良心理健康天数（结果）、自报从家步行到最近公园的时间（暴露）和使用公园进行运动、锻炼或 PA 的频率（中介）。我们使用多元回归和自举生成的 95%偏差校正置信区间（BC CI）来检验公园内 PA 的中介作用以及性别、养狗、与他人一起进行 PA 和感知公园犯罪的调节作用。公园接近度通过公园内 PA 与较少的不良心理健康天数间接相关，但仅在那些不担心公园犯罪的人群中（中介调节指数=0.04；SE=0.02；95%BC CI=0.01，0.10）。在城市社区投资公园安全和促进基于公园的 PA 活动可能有助于最大限度地发挥附近公园的心理健康益处。
