Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2020 Aug;20(4):859-872. doi: 10.3758/s13415-020-00806-4.
Persons with co-occurring HIV infection and cocaine use disorder tend to engage in riskier decision-making. However, the neural correlates of sensitivity to risk are not well-characterized in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the neural interaction effects of HIV infection and cocaine use disorder to sensitivity to risk. The sample included 79 adults who differed on HIV status and cocaine use disorder. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants completed a Wheel of Fortune (WoF) task that assessed neural activation in response to variations of monetary risk (i.e., lower probability of winning a larger reward). Across groups, neural activation to increasing risk was in cortical and subcortical regions similar to previous investigations using the WoF in nondrug-using populations. Our analyses showed that there was a synergistic effect between HIV infection and cocaine use in the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, and right postcentral gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, cerebellum, and posterior parietal cortex. HIV+ individuals with cocaine use disorder displayed neural hyperactivation to increasing risk that was not observed in the other groups. These results support a synergistic effect of co-occurring HIV infection and cocaine dependence in neural processing of risk probability that may reflect compensation. Future studies can further investigate and validate how neural activation to increasing risk is associated with risk-taking behavior.
同时感染 HIV 病毒和可卡因使用障碍的人往往会做出更冒险的决策。然而，在这一人群中，对风险的敏感性的神经相关性还没有得到很好的描述。本研究的目的是研究 HIV 感染和可卡因使用障碍对风险敏感性的神经相互作用效应。该样本包括 79 名成年人，他们在 HIV 状况和可卡因使用障碍方面存在差异。在功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 期间，参与者完成了一个轮盘赌 (WoF) 任务，该任务评估了对货币风险变化的神经激活（即，赢得更大奖励的较低概率）。在各组中，对风险增加的神经激活与以前在非吸毒人群中使用 WoF 的研究相似，位于皮质和皮质下区域。我们的分析表明，HIV 感染和可卡因使用之间在左顶叶后扣带回/楔前叶和海马体以及右中央后回、外侧枕叶皮质、小脑和顶后皮质中存在协同作用。在没有可卡因使用障碍的 HIV+个体中，对增加风险的神经超激活没有在其他组中观察到。这些结果支持 HIV 感染和可卡因依赖在风险概率的神经处理中存在协同作用，这可能反映了代偿作用。未来的研究可以进一步探讨和验证增加风险的神经激活与冒险行为之间的关系。
