The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Neuroscience. 2022 Oct 15;502:77-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.008. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Evidence from animal research, postmortem analyses, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations indicate substantial morphological alteration in brain structure as a function of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or cocaine dependence (CD). Although previous research on HIV+ active cocaine users suggests the presence of deleterious morphological effects in excess of either condition alone, a yet unexplored question is whether there is a similar deleterious interaction in HIV+ individuals with CD who are currently abstinent. To this end, the combinatorial effects of HIV and CD history on regional brain volume, cortical thickness, and neurocognitive performance was examined across four groups of participants in an exploratory study: healthy controls (n = 34), HIV-negative individuals with a history of CD (n = 21), HIV+ individuals with no history of CD (n = 20), HIV+ individuals with a history of CD (n = 15). Our analyses revealed no statistical evidence of an interaction between both conditions on brain morphometry and neurocognitive performance. While descriptively, individuals with comorbid HIV and a history of CD exhibited the lowest neurocognitive performance scores, using Principle Component Analysis of neurocognitive testing data, HIV was identified as the primary driver of neurocognitive impairment. Higher caudate volume was evident in CD+ participants relative to CD- participants. Findings indicate no evidence of compounded differences in neurocognitive function or structural measures of brain integrity in HIV+ individuals in recovery from CD relative to individuals with only one condition.
动物研究、尸检分析和磁共振成像 (MRI) 研究的证据表明，人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 或可卡因依赖 (CD) 会导致大脑结构发生实质性的形态改变。尽管之前对 HIV 阳性的活跃可卡因使用者的研究表明，存在着比任何一种情况都更具危害性的形态学影响，但一个尚未探索的问题是，在目前已经戒毒的 HIV 阳性且患有 CD 的个体中，是否存在类似的有害相互作用。为此，在一项探索性研究中，通过对四组参与者进行分析，研究了 HIV 和 CD 病史对区域脑容量、皮质厚度和神经认知表现的综合影响：健康对照组（n=34）、无 HIV 且有 CD 病史的个体（n=21）、无 HIV 且无 CD 病史的个体（n=20）和有 HIV 且有 CD 病史的个体（n=15）。我们的分析没有发现两种情况对大脑形态和神经认知表现之间存在相互作用的统计学证据。虽然从描述性上看，同时患有 HIV 和 CD 的个体表现出最低的神经认知表现得分，但使用神经认知测试数据的主成分分析，HIV 是导致神经认知障碍的主要原因。与无 CD 的参与者相比，CD+参与者的尾状核体积更大。研究结果表明，在从 CD 中恢复的 HIV 阳性个体中，没有证据表明在神经认知功能或大脑完整性的结构测量方面存在复合差异，而这些个体只有一种情况。
