Wang Yilong, Han Xiao, Cui Zheng, Shi Donglu
The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
Adv Biosyst. 2019 Oct;3(10):e1900101. doi: 10.1002/adbi.201900101. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Bioelectricity is an essential characteristic of a biological system that has played an important role in medical diagnosis particularly in cancer liquid biopsy. However, its biophysical origin and measurements have presented great challenges in experimental methodologies. For instance, in dynamic cell processes, bioelectricity cannot be accurately determined as a static electrical potential via electrophoresis. Cancer cells fundamentally differ from normal cells by having a much higher rate of glycolysis resulting in net negative charges on cell surfaces. The most recent investigations on cancer cell surface charge that is the direct bio-electrical manifestation of the "Warburg Effect," which can be directly monitored by specially designed nanoprobes, has been provided. The most up-to-date research results from charge-mediated cell targeting are reviewed. Correlations between the cell surface charge and cancer cell metabolism are established based on cell/probe electrostatic interactions. Bioelectricity is utilized not only as an analyte for investigation of the metabolic state of the cancer cells, but also applied in electrostatically and magnetically capturing of the circulating tumor cells from whole blood. Also reviewed is on the isolation of Candida albicans via bioelectricity-driven nanoparticle binding on fungus with surface charges.
生物电是生物系统的一个基本特征，在医学诊断尤其是癌症液体活检中发挥了重要作用。然而，其生物物理起源和测量在实验方法上带来了巨大挑战。例如，在动态细胞过程中，生物电无法通过电泳作为静态电势准确测定。癌细胞与正常细胞的根本区别在于其糖酵解速率高得多，导致细胞表面净负电荷。最近对癌细胞表面电荷的研究，即 “瓦博格效应” 的直接生物电表现，可以通过专门设计的纳米探针直接监测。本文综述了电荷介导细胞靶向的最新研究成果。基于细胞/探针静电相互作用建立了细胞表面电荷与癌细胞代谢之间的相关性。生物电不仅被用作研究癌细胞代谢状态的分析物，还被应用于从全血中静电和磁性捕获循环肿瘤细胞。此外，还综述了通过生物电驱动纳米颗粒与具有表面电荷的真菌结合来分离白色念珠菌的研究。
