Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2020 Aug;83:102977. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102977. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
How we perceive and evaluate other persons depends on appearance-based impressions as well as top-down information such as knowledge about someone's character. To date, little is known about how these two sources of information affect the conscious perception of faces, about their relative contributions and possible interactions. Here, we directly compare how social-affective knowledge and visual cues of trustworthiness impact the access of faces to visual consciousness. Low- and average-trustworthy looking faces were associated with neutral or negative information about a person's social behavior. Trustworthiness and facial expression ratings showed robust and independent effects of both sources of information during evaluations. Under conditions of reduced attention in an attentional blink task, prioritized detection of faces associated with negative as compared to neutral person knowledge was observed, whereas facial trustworthiness did not affect detection. Thus, while both factors influenced conscious perception and evaluation, only person knowledge impacted the access to consciousness.
我们对他人的感知和评价既取决于基于外貌的印象，也取决于自上而下的信息，例如对某人性格的了解。迄今为止，人们对这两种信息来源如何影响面孔的有意识感知、它们的相对贡献以及可能的相互作用知之甚少。在这里，我们直接比较了社会情感知识和可信赖性的视觉线索如何影响面孔进入视觉意识。看起来可信度低和中等的面孔与关于一个人的社交行为的中性或负面信息相关联。在评估过程中，可信度和面部表情评级都显示出这两种信息来源的强大且独立的影响。在注意力眨眼任务中注意力降低的情况下，与中性的个人知识相比，观察到与负面个人知识相关联的面孔被优先检测到，而面部可信度则不会影响检测。因此，虽然这两个因素都影响了有意识的感知和评价，但只有个人知识影响了进入意识的通道。
