Mileva Mila, Tompkinson James, Watt Dominic, Burton A Mike
Department of Psychology, University of York.
Department of Language and Linguistic Science, University of York.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2018 Jan;44(1):128-138. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000439. Epub 2017 May 8.
Our social evaluation of other people is influenced by their faces and their voices. However, rather little is known about how these channels combine in forming "first impressions." Over 5 experiments, we investigate the relative contributions of facial and vocal information for social judgments: dominance and trustworthiness. The experiments manipulate each of these sources of information within-person, combining faces and voices giving rise to different social attributions. We report that vocal pitch is a reliable source of information for judgments of dominance (Study 1), but not trustworthiness (Study 4). Faces and voices make reliable, but independent, contributions to social evaluation. However, voices have the larger influence in judgments of dominance (Study 2), whereas faces have the larger influence in judgments of trustworthiness (Study 5). The independent contribution of the 2 sources appears to be mandatory, as instructions to ignore 1 channel do not eliminate its influence (Study 3). Our results show that information contained in both the face and the voice contributes to first impression formation. This combination is, to some degree, outside conscious control, and the weighting of channel contribution varies according the trait being perceived. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们对他人的社会评价会受到他们的面部和声音的影响。然而，对于这些渠道如何结合形成“第一印象”，我们所知甚少。在超过5个实验中，我们研究了面部和声音信息对社会判断（支配性和可信度）的相对贡献。实验在个体内部操纵这些信息来源，将面部和声音结合起来，从而产生不同的社会归因。我们报告称，音调是判断支配性（研究1）的可靠信息来源，但不是判断可信度（研究4）的可靠信息来源。面部和声音对社会评价做出了可靠但独立的贡献。然而，声音在支配性判断中影响更大（研究2），而面部在可信度判断中影响更大（研究5）。这两种信息来源的独立贡献似乎是强制性的，因为忽略一个渠道的指令并不能消除其影响（研究3）。我们的结果表明，面部和声音中包含的信息都有助于第一印象的形成。这种结合在一定程度上不受意识控制，并且渠道贡献的权重会根据所感知的特质而有所不同。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
