Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States.
CEHD, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
Int J Sports Med. 2020 Oct;41(11):766-770. doi: 10.1055/a-1177-0716. Epub 2020 Jul 10.
The purpose of this study was to examine body composition of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer players by position and season. One hundred seventy-five female athletes were categorized by positions of forward (n=47), midfielder (n=51), defender (n=57), and goalkeeper (n=20). A dual X-ray absorptiometry scan assessed percent body fat, total lean mass, total fat mass, arm and leg lean mass and fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue. Goalkeepers had significantly higher total, arm, and leg lean mass and fat mass compared to all other positions (p<0.05). For seasonal changes, body fat percentage was significantly higher in winter off-season (26.7%) compared to summer off-season (25.7%) and pre-season (25.8%; p<0.01) for all positions. Total and leg lean mass was significantly lower in winter off-season compared to all other seasons, and total lean mass was significantly higher in summer off-season than pre-season (p<0.01). Overall, goalkeepers were significantly different than all other positions. Body fat percentage increased and lean mass decreased in winter off-season indicating potential undesired changes in training and/or nutrition over the break whereas lean mass was the highest in summer off-season potentially reflecting the emphasis on resistance training and increased volume of training.
本研究旨在通过位置和赛季来检查美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级女子足球运动员的身体成分。将 175 名女运动员按前锋（n=47）、中场（n=51）、后卫（n=57）和守门员（n=20）的位置进行分类。双能 X 线吸收法扫描评估体脂百分比、总瘦体重、总脂肪量、手臂和腿部瘦体重和脂肪量以及内脏脂肪组织。守门员的总、臂和腿部瘦体重和脂肪量明显高于其他所有位置（p<0.05）。对于季节性变化，所有位置的冬季休赛期（26.7%）的体脂百分比明显高于夏季休赛期（25.7%）和季前赛（25.8%）（p<0.01）。冬季休赛期的总瘦体重和腿部瘦体重明显低于其他所有季节，夏季休赛期的总瘦体重明显高于季前赛（p<0.01）。总的来说，守门员与所有其他位置有明显差异。冬季休赛期体脂百分比增加，瘦体重减少，表明在休息期间训练和/或营养可能出现了不良变化，而夏季休赛期瘦体重最高，可能反映了对阻力训练的重视和训练量的增加。
