Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, Hyslop Sports Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, United States.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
Int J Sports Med. 2021 Jun;42(7):588-601. doi: 10.1055/a-1373-5881. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
The body composition phenotype of an athlete displays the complex interaction among genotype, physiological and metabolic demands of a sport, diet, and physical training. Observational studies dominate the literature and describe the sport-specific physique characteristics (size, shape, and composition) of adult athletes by gender and levels of competition. Limited data reveal how body composition measurements can benefit an athlete. Thus, the objective is to identify purposeful measurements of body composition, notably fat and lean muscle masses, and determine their impact on the health and performance of athletes. Areas of interest include relationships among total and regional body composition measurements, muscle function, sport-specific performance, risk of injury, return to sport after injury, and identification of activity-induced fluid shifts. Discussion includes the application of specific uses of dual X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance including an emphasis on the need to minimize measurement errors and standardize protocols, and highlights opportunities for future research. This focus on functional body composition can benefit the health and optimize the performance of an athlete.
运动员的身体成分表型显示了基因型、运动的生理和代谢需求、饮食和身体训练之间的复杂相互作用。观察性研究占据了文献的主导地位，按性别和竞技水平描述了成年运动员的特定运动体型特征（大小、形状和组成）。有限的数据揭示了身体成分测量如何使运动员受益。因此，目标是确定身体成分的有针对性测量，特别是脂肪和瘦肌肉量，并确定它们对运动员健康和表现的影响。感兴趣的领域包括全身和局部身体成分测量、肌肉功能、特定运动表现、受伤风险、受伤后重返运动以及识别活动引起的液体转移之间的关系。讨论包括双能 X 射线吸收法和生物电阻抗的具体用途，包括强调需要最小化测量误差和标准化方案，并突出未来研究的机会。这种对功能性身体成分的关注可以使运动员的健康受益并优化其表现。
