Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Oct 1;112(4):948-955. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa175.
Individual differences in appetitive traits present in the first few weeks of life. Research has shown that infants with a greater food reinforcement ratio (FRR) have higher obesity risk. To date, limited work has examined the relation between FRR and appetitive traits of infants, and how FRR relates to appetitive traits and obesity development.
To examine the relation between appetitive traits and food and nonfood reinforcement of infants aged 9-18 mo, and to examine whether food and nonfood reinforcement mediate the relation between appetitive traits and weight-for-length z-score (zWFL).
This secondary data analysis was conducted by combining 4 different cohorts of infants (n = 143) who have complete data on the food/nonfood reinforcement task, Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and anthropometrics and demographics assessments. Three different nonfood reinforcers were used: video (DVD; n = 27), playing with bubbles (Bubbles; n = 67), and music accompanied by instruments (Music; n = 49) for the nonfood portion of the task. For the food portion of the task, the infant's favorite food was used.
General appetite positively correlated with FRR and zWFL, but negatively correlated with nonfood reinforcement; satiety responsiveness negatively correlated with food reinforcement, FRR, and zWFL. Mediational analysis showed that effects of general appetite on zWFL were mediated by FRR (indirect effect = 0.100, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfood reinforcement (indirect effect = 0.076, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.156). We also observed the mediating effect of FRR on the relation of satiety responsiveness and zWFL (indirect effect = -0.097, 95% CI: -0.204, -0.026).
Our work contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the ontogeny of obesity development early in life among individuals who are born with appetitive drive for overconsumption. During early infancy, the nonfood environment may protect against this drive and prevent obesity development.
在生命的最初几周就存在食欲特征的个体差异。研究表明，食物强化率（FRR）较高的婴儿肥胖风险更高。迄今为止，有限的工作已经研究了 FRR 与婴儿食欲特征之间的关系，以及 FRR 如何与食欲特征和肥胖发展相关。
研究 9-18 个月婴儿的食欲特征与食物和非食物强化之间的关系，并检验食物和非食物强化是否在食欲特征与体重长度 Z 分数（zWFL）之间起中介作用。
通过合并 4 个不同队列的婴儿（n=143）的数据进行二次数据分析，这些婴儿在食物/非食物强化任务、婴儿进食行为问卷、人体测量学和人口统计学评估方面都有完整的数据。非食物强化部分使用了 3 种不同的非食物强化物：视频（DVD；n=27）、吹泡泡（Bubbles；n=67）和乐器伴奏音乐（Music；n=49）。对于食物部分的任务，使用婴儿最喜欢的食物。
一般食欲与 FRR 和 zWFL 呈正相关，与非食物强化呈负相关；饱腹感反应与食物强化、FRR 和 zWFL 呈负相关。中介分析表明，一般食欲对 zWFL 的影响由 FRR（间接效应=0.100，95%CI：0.041，0.187）和非食物强化（间接效应=0.076，95%CI：0.025，0.156）介导。我们还观察到 FRR 对饱腹感反应与 zWFL 关系的中介作用（间接效应=-0.097，95%CI：-0.204，-0.026）。
我们的工作有助于理解在生命早期，具有过度消费欲望的个体中肥胖发展的发病机制。在婴儿早期，非食物环境可能会阻止这种驱动力并防止肥胖的发展。
