Kong Kai Ling, Epstein Leonard H
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214-3000, United States.
Prev Med. 2016 Nov;92:100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.031. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
The motivation to eat, as operationalized by measuring how hard someone will work for food, is cross-sectionally and prospectively related to obesity. Persons high in food reinforcement consume more calories, and energy intake mediates the relationship between food reinforcement and obesity. Research has shown avid sucking for milk in early infancy predicts later adiposity, and the relationship between food reinforcement and excess body weight has been observed in infants as young as 9months of age. New methodological developments in studying food reinforcement in infants and young children provide the first opportunity to study the origin of food reinforcement. This review seeks to provide background on the measurement of food reinforcement, and to present, for the first time, prenatal and postnatal predictors of infant food reinforcement. Lastly, potential mechanisms for an increasing trajectory of food reinforcement throughout development are proposed.
通过衡量一个人为获取食物愿意付出多大努力来衡量的进食动机，在横断面和前瞻性研究中都与肥胖有关。食物强化程度高的人摄入的热量更多，而能量摄入介导了食物强化与肥胖之间的关系。研究表明，婴儿早期强烈的吸奶行为预示着日后的肥胖，在9个月大的婴儿中也观察到了食物强化与超重之间的关系。婴幼儿食物强化研究中的新方法发展为研究食物强化起源提供了首个机会。本综述旨在提供食物强化测量的背景信息，并首次呈现婴儿食物强化的产前和产后预测因素。最后，提出了食物强化在整个发育过程中呈上升趋势的潜在机制。
