Alti Dayakar, Veeramohan Rao M, Rao D Narayana, Maurya Radheshyam, Kalangi Suresh K
Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
ACS Omega. 2020 Jun 24;5(26):16238-16245. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02032. eCollection 2020 Jul 7.
Resistance to antileishmanial drugs such as sodium stibogluconate (SSG), amphotericin B (Amp-B), and miltefosine is on the rise, and alternate strategies for effective treatment have gained importance in recent years. Although nanoparticle (NP)-based composite drugs that have emerged recently have been found to be effective, the associated toxicity limits their usage. Bimetallic NPs produced through reduction with medicinal plant extracts are proposed to overcome the toxicity of the NPs. In the present study, three types of gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (Au-Ag BNPs) were synthesized through a single-step reduction process using fenugreek, coriander, and soybean leaf extracts. All of the three types of BNPs exhibited high antileishmanial effects against promastigotes with half-inhibitory concentration (IC) values in the range of 0.03-0.035 μg/mL. The IC values of the BNPs are much lower compared to those of miltefosine (IC = 10 μg/mL). The synthesized BNPs induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis-like death in the promastigotes and could potentiate the antileishmanial activity of macrophages. The intracellular amastigotes were reduced by 31-46% in macrophages. The biogenic BNPs synthesized in this study and their potent antileishmanial activity provide further impetus to the ongoing quest for novel drugs to effectively manage leishmaniasis.
对葡萄糖酸锑钠（SSG）、两性霉素B（Amp - B）和米替福新等抗利什曼原虫药物的耐药性正在上升，近年来，有效的替代治疗策略变得越发重要。尽管最近出现的基于纳米颗粒（NP）的复合药物已被证明有效，但其相关毒性限制了它们的使用。有人提出，用药用植物提取物还原制备的双金属NP可克服NP的毒性。在本研究中，使用胡芦巴、香菜和大豆叶提取物，通过一步还原法合成了三种类型的金银双金属纳米颗粒（Au - Ag BNP）。所有这三种类型的BNP对前鞭毛体均表现出高抗利什曼原虫作用，半数抑制浓度（IC）值在0.03 - 0.035μg/mL范围内。与米替福新（IC = 10μg/mL）相比，BNP的IC值要低得多。合成的BNP在前鞭毛体中诱导活性氧（ROS）介导的凋亡样死亡，并可增强巨噬细胞的抗利什曼原虫活性。巨噬细胞内的无鞭毛体减少了31 - 46%。本研究中合成的生物源BNP及其强大的抗利什曼原虫活性为正在进行的有效治疗利什曼病的新型药物探索提供了进一步的动力。
