Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, N.L., México.
CINVESTAV, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2020;55(9):835-843. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1787758. Epub 2020 Jul 11.
Aflatoxins produced by are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites. The biosynthesis of this mycotoxins is a complex process and involves at least 30 genes clustered within an approximately 82 kB gene cluster. In the present study, the effect of and fruits on growth and aflatoxin production were studied in relation to the expression of D, M, R, and S four; key genes of aflatoxins biosynthesis pathway. GC-EIMS analysis identified capsaicin (66,107 µg g) and piperine (1,138 µg g) as the most abundant compounds in and fruits, respectively. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic assays showed that capsaicin, and piperine inhibited growth and aflatoxins production in a dose-dependent manner. The piperine at 300 µg mL produced higher radial growth inhibition (89%) and aflatoxin production inhibition (69%). The expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and revealed that aflatoxin inhibition occurring via downregulating the S and R, and subsequently D and M genes. These results will improve our understanding of the mechanism of aflatoxin regulation by capsaicin, and piperine, and provides a reference for further study.
黄曲霉产生的毒素是有毒和致癌的代谢物。这种霉菌毒素的生物合成是一个复杂的过程，涉及至少 30 个基因，这些基因簇落在一个大约 82kb 的基因簇内。在本研究中，研究了 和 果实对 的生长和黄曲霉毒素产生的影响，同时还研究了 D、M、R 和 S 四个关键基因在黄曲霉生物合成途径中的表达情况。GC-EIMS 分析鉴定出辣椒素（66,107μg g）和胡椒碱（1,138μg g）分别为 和 果实中含量最丰富的化合物。抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素测定表明，辣椒素和胡椒碱以剂量依赖的方式抑制 的生长和黄曲霉毒素的产生。在 300μg mL 时，胡椒碱产生更高的径向生长抑制（89%）和黄曲霉毒素产生抑制（69%）。通过定量实时 PCR（qRT-PCR）评估了黄曲霉生物合成基因的表达情况，结果表明，通过下调 S 和 R 基因，进而下调 D 和 M 基因，从而抑制黄曲霉毒素的产生。这些结果将提高我们对辣椒素和胡椒碱调节黄曲霉毒素的机制的理解，并为进一步的研究提供参考。
