School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022 Oct;194(10):4362-4376. doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-03873-0. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Betel leaf is consumed as a mouth freshener due to its characteristic flavor, aromaticity, and medicinal values. Abundance of phytochemicals in betel leaf contributes towards unique qualitative features. Screening of metabolites is quintessential for identifying flavoring betel leaves and their origin. Metabolomics presently lays emphasis on the cumulative application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic approaches. Here we adopted different protocols based on the above-mentioned analytical metabolomics platform for untargeted plant metabolite profiling followed by multivariate analysis methods and a phytochemical characterization of Piper betel leaf cultivars endemic to coastal Odisha, India. Based on variation in the solvent composition, concentration of solvent, extraction temperature, and incubation periods, five extraction methods were followed in GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy of betel leaf extracts. Phytochemical similarities and differences among the species were characterized through multivariate analysis approaches. Principal component analysis, based on the relative abundance of phytochemicals, indicated that the betel cultivars could be grouped into three groups. Our results of FTIR-, GC-MS-, and NMR-based profiling combined with multivariate analyses suggest that untargeted metabolomics can play a crucial role in documenting metabolic signatures of endemic betel leaf varieties.
由于其独特的风味、芳香性和药用价值，槟榔叶被用作口腔清新剂。槟榔叶中丰富的植物化学物质赋予了其独特的定性特征。对代谢物进行筛选对于识别调味槟榔叶及其来源至关重要。代谢组学目前强调累积应用气相色谱-质谱和核磁共振波谱方法。在这里，我们根据上述分析代谢组学平台，采用了不同的方案，对印度奥里萨邦沿海特有的槟榔叶品种进行非靶向植物代谢物分析，然后进行多元分析方法和植物化学特征分析。基于溶剂组成、溶剂浓度、提取温度和孵育时间的变化，我们在 GC-MS 和 NMR 光谱中分别采用了 5 种槟榔叶提取物的提取方法。通过多元分析方法，对物种间的生化相似性和差异进行了特征描述。基于生化物质相对丰度的主成分分析表明，槟榔品种可分为 3 组。我们基于傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）的分析结果以及多元分析表明，非靶向代谢组学可以在记录特有槟榔叶品种的代谢特征方面发挥关键作用。
