父母养育行为的 recalled 与抑郁的相关性：基于人群的古腾堡健康研究中第一代移民与非移民的比较。
The association between recalled parental rearing behavior and depressiveness: a comparison between 1st immigrants and non-immigrants in the population-based Gutenberg Health Study.
机构信息
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 13;20(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02755-1.
BACKGROUND
Studies in immigrant youth have suggested differences in parenting patterns by immigration status. Knowledge of variation in recalled parenting pattern and its distinctive impact on mental health in adult immigrants, however, is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate similarities and differences in recalled maternal and paternal rearing behavior and its association with depressiveness in adult 1st generation immigrants compared to non-immigrants.
METHODS
Seven hundred and forty-three 1st generation immigrants (M = 57.4, SD = 10.1 years) and 6518 non-immigrants (M = 60.3, SD = 10.7 years) participated in a population-based study. Regarding countries of origin, the largest subgroups were immigrants from Eastern-Europe, Former-SU, and Arabic-Islamic countries. All participants completed the ultra-short version of The Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior-questionnaire and the PHQ-9 assessing depressiveness. Multiple linear regressions with depressiveness as outcome variable were analyzed separately for each facet of parental rearing behavior adjusting for socio-demographic and migration-related variables.
RESULTS
In addition to differences in depressiveness and socioeconomic status, 1st generation immigrants recalled both their mothers and fathers as more controlling and overprotecting than non-immigrants. Parental emotional warmth was negatively associated with depressiveness across all groups. The relationship between parental control, respectively parental rejection and depressiveness, however, varied in direction and severity between the groups.
CONCLUSION
The results support the notion that parental warmth is a universal protective factor against depressiveness, whereas the impact of parental control on mental health might be more culturally influenced. Analyses point to the importance of considering the unique contribution of fathers' rearing behavior on mental health, particularly in immigrant samples.
背景
针对移民青年的研究表明，移民身份会导致育儿模式的差异。然而，对于成年第一代移民中回忆起的育儿模式及其对心理健康的独特影响的差异，我们知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是调查第一代移民与非移民相比，回忆起的母亲和父亲的养育行为及其与抑郁的相似性和差异性。
方法
743 名第一代移民（M=57.4，SD=10.1 岁）和 6518 名非移民（M=60.3，SD=10.7 岁）参加了一项基于人群的研究。就原籍国而言，最大的移民群体来自东欧、前苏联和阿拉伯-伊斯兰国家。所有参与者都完成了《回忆性父母养育行为问卷》的超短版和 PHQ-9 评估抑郁。使用多元线性回归，以抑郁为因变量，分别针对父母养育行为的各个方面进行分析，调整了社会人口统计学和移民相关变量。
结果
除了抑郁和社会经济地位的差异外，第一代移民回忆起他们的母亲和父亲比非移民更具控制性和过度保护。父母的情感温暖与所有群体的抑郁呈负相关。然而，父母控制和父母拒绝与抑郁之间的关系在方向和严重程度上因群体而异。
结论
这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即父母的温暖是普遍的保护因素，可以预防抑郁，而父母的控制对心理健康的影响可能更多地受到文化的影响。分析指出，考虑父亲养育行为对心理健康的独特贡献的重要性，特别是在移民样本中。
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