Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Jul 10;18(7):358. doi: 10.3390/md18070358.
To support the successful application of sponges for water purification and collagen production, we evaluated the effect of depth on sponge morphology, growth, physiology, and functioning. Specimens of Eastern Mediterranean populations of the sponge (Nardo, 1847) (Demospongiae, Chondrosiida, Chondrosiidae) were reciprocally transplanted between 5 and 20 m depth within the Kaş-Kekova Marine Reserve Area. Control sponges at 5 m had fewer but larger oscula than their conspecifics at 20 m, and a significant inverse relationship between the osculum density and size was found in specimens growing along a natural depth gradient. Sponges transplanted from 20 to 5 m altered their morphology to match the 5 m control sponges, producing fewer but larger oscula, whereas explants transplanted from 5 to 20 m did not show a reciprocal morphological plasticity. Despite the changes in morphology, the clearance, respiration, and growth rates were comparable among all the experimental groups. This indicates that depth-induced morphological changes do not affect the overall performance of the sponges. Hence, the potential for the growth and bioremediation of in mariculture is not likely to change with varying culture depth. The collagen content, however, was higher in shallow water compared to deeper-growing sponges, which requires further study to optimize collagen production.
为了支持海绵在水净化和胶原蛋白生产方面的成功应用，我们评估了深度对海绵形态、生长、生理和功能的影响。我们将地中海东部海域的 （Nardo, 1847）（多孔动物门，寻常海绵纲，寻常海绵科）海绵标本在卡什-凯科瓦海洋保护区内的 5 米至 20 米之间进行了相互移植。5 米深处的对照海绵的水孔数量较少但体积较大，而在自然深度梯度上生长的标本中发现水孔密度与大小之间存在显著的反比关系。从 20 米移植到 5 米的海绵改变了它们的形态，以适应 5 米的对照海绵，产生较少但较大的水孔，而从 5 米移植到 20 米的外植体则没有表现出相反的形态可塑性。尽管形态发生了变化，但所有实验组的清除率、呼吸率和生长率都相当。这表明深度诱导的形态变化不会影响海绵的整体性能。因此，在水产养殖中， 的生长和生物修复潜力不太可能随着培养深度的变化而改变。然而，与在较深水域生长的海绵相比，浅层水中的胶原蛋白含量更高，这需要进一步研究以优化胶原蛋白的生产。
