Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Dentistry, Center for Education and Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima s/n, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 11;21(14):4895. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144895.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bacterial metabolites released from dental biofilm, are supposed to target the oral epithelium. There is, however, no consensus on how SCFA affect the oral epithelial cells. The objective of the present study was to systematically review the available in vitro evidence of the impact of SCFA on human oral epithelial cells in the context of periodontal disease. A comprehensive electronic search using five databases along with a grey literature search was performed. In vitro studies that evaluated the effects of SCFA on human oral epithelial cells were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed by the University of Bristol's tool for assessing risk of bias in cell culture studies. Certainty in cumulative evidence was evaluated using GRADE criteria (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation). Of 3591 records identified, 10 were eligible for inclusion. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity between the studies. The risk of bias across the studies was considered "serious" due to the presence of methodological biases. Despite these limitations, this review showed that SCFA negatively affect the viability of oral epithelial cells by activating a series of cellular events that includes apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. SCFA impair the integrity and presumably the transmigration of leucocytes through the epithelial layer by changing junctional and adhesion protein expression, respectively. SCFA also affect the expression of chemokines and cytokines in oral epithelial cells. Future research needs to identify the underlying signaling cascades and to translate the in vitro findings into preclinical models.
短链脂肪酸（SCFA）是口腔生物膜中释放的细菌代谢产物，被认为可以靶向口腔上皮。然而，关于 SCFA 如何影响口腔上皮细胞尚无共识。本研究旨在系统综述 SCFA 对牙周病患者口腔上皮细胞的体外研究证据。通过五个数据库和灰色文献检索进行全面的电子搜索。纳入评估 SCFA 对人口腔上皮细胞影响的体外研究。使用布里斯托大学细胞培养研究偏倚评估工具评估偏倚风险。使用 GRADE 标准（推荐评估、制定和评价分级）评估累积证据的确定性。在 3591 条记录中，有 10 条符合纳入标准。由于研究之间存在异质性，因此无法进行 meta 分析。由于存在方法学偏倚，研究的偏倚风险被认为是“严重”的。尽管存在这些局限性，但本综述表明，SCFA 通过激活一系列细胞事件（包括细胞凋亡、自噬和细胞焦亡），对口腔上皮细胞的活力产生负面影响。SCFA 通过改变细胞连接蛋白和黏附蛋白的表达，分别损害白细胞通过上皮层的完整性和可能的迁移能力。SCFA 还会影响口腔上皮细胞中趋化因子和细胞因子的表达。未来的研究需要确定潜在的信号通路，并将体外研究结果转化为临床前模型。
