McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA.
McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Jul;186:109574. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109574. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Household air pollution (HAP) related to cooking is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality. An estimated three billion people worldwide are exposed to cooking related HAP caused by solid fuel combustion. This exposure is highest for the vulnerable population of women and children resulting in significant cumulative health effects.
A literature review was conducted for health effects of household air pollution related to biomass cookstoves in resource limited countries and to evaluate the effect of improved cookstoves on these health effects. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. We conducted searches in January 2018 with a repeat in February 2020. We included only studies conducted in resource limited countries, published in English, irrespective of publication year and studies that examined the health effects of HAP and/or studied the effects of improved cookstove (IC). Two authors independently screened journal article titles, abstracts and full-text articles to identify those that included the following search term: biomass cookstoves and health risks. We also assessed the limitations of IC with barriers to their uptake.
Health effects associated with HAP mostly include increased blood pressure (BP), dyspnea, childhood pneumonia, lung cancer, low birthweight and cardiovascular diseases. Being a global problem with divergent environmental factors including wide variety of fuel used, housing condition, foods prepared, climatic condition and social factors; most solutions though efficient seems inadequate. Improved cookstove (IC) mitigates emissions and improves short term health, though few randomized long-term studies could substantiate its long-standing continuance and health benefits.
There is ample data about the health effects of HAP, with some benefit with IC intervention for elevated blood pressure, dyspnea symptoms, mutagenicity and cardiovascular diseases. IC does not have any benefit in pregnancy outcomes or children health.
与烹饪相关的家用空气污染（HAP）与全球范围内的大量发病率和死亡率有关。据估计，全球有 30 亿人因固体燃料燃烧而接触到与烹饪相关的 HAP。这种暴露对妇女和儿童等弱势群体的影响最大，导致严重的累积健康影响。
我们对资源有限国家与生物质炉灶相关的家用空气污染对健康的影响进行了文献综述，并评估了改良炉灶对这些健康影响的作用。我们检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane Library。我们于 2018 年 1 月进行了检索，并于 2020 年 2 月重复了检索。我们仅纳入在资源有限国家进行的、发表于英文期刊的研究，无论出版年份如何，且研究必须考察 HAP 的健康影响和/或研究改良炉灶的效果。两位作者独立筛选了期刊文章的标题、摘要和全文，以确定那些包含以下搜索词的文章：生物质炉灶和健康风险。我们还评估了改良炉灶的局限性及其推广的障碍。
与 HAP 相关的健康影响主要包括血压升高（BP）、呼吸困难、儿童肺炎、肺癌、低出生体重和心血管疾病。这是一个全球性问题，具有不同的环境因素，包括广泛使用的燃料、住房条件、准备的食物、气候条件和社会因素；大多数解决方案虽然有效，但似乎仍不够。改良炉灶（IC）可以减轻排放，改善短期健康状况，尽管一些随机的长期研究可以证实其长期持续存在和健康益处。
关于 HAP 的健康影响有充分的数据，IC 干预对血压升高、呼吸困难症状、致突变性和心血管疾病有一定的益处。IC 对妊娠结局或儿童健康没有任何益处。
