Huang Junjie, Chen Mingtao, Zhang Lin, Lin Xu, Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo, Zhong Claire Chenwen, Xu Wanghong, Zheng Zhi-Jie, Withers Mellissa, Wong Martin C S
The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Mol Cancer. 2024 Dec 18;23(1):271. doi: 10.1186/s12943-024-02188-4.
Tracheal cancer is a rare malignancy with limited research but high mortality rates. This study aims to analyse recent data to understand the global burden, trends, and risk factors for tracheal cancer, facilitating improved prevention and treatment strategies.
We conducted a study on tracheal cancer using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases. We collected information on the incidence of tracheal cancer, risk factors, and the Human Development Index (HDI) at the country level. The univariate linear regression was used to explore the relationship between tracheal cancer and the various risk factors. We utilised joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) in tracheal cancer incidence.
The global age-standardised rate of incidence of tracheal cancer was 2.9 per 10 million (3,472 cases in total) in 2022, with the highest regional incidence observed in Central and Eastern Europe (ASR = 9.0) and the highest national incidence in Hungary (12.5). Higher incidence was found among the males (3.8) than females (2.0); among the older adults aged 50-74 (11.9) than the younger population aged 15-49 (1.2). A higher tracheal cancer incidence ratio was associated with higher levels of smoking, alcohol drinking, diabetes, lipid disorders, and HDI. Despite the overall decreasing trends for all population groups (highest decrease in Thailand; AAPC: -15.06, 95% CI: -21.76 to -7.78, p = 0.002), there was an increase in some female populations (highest increase in Colombia, AAPC: 19.28, 95% CI: 16.48 to 22.15, p < 0.001) and younger populations (highest increase in Ireland; AAPC: 29.84, 95% CI: 25.74 to 34.06, p < 0.001).
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of tracheal cancer, focusing on risk factors and population-level trends. There has been an overall decreasing trend in the incidence of tracheal cancer, particularly among males and older adults, while the decline is less pronounced in females and younger individuals. Further research is needed to explore the underlying drivers of these epidemiological trends.
气管癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，相关研究有限但死亡率很高。本研究旨在分析近期数据，以了解气管癌的全球负担、趋势和风险因素，从而推动预防和治疗策略的改进。
我们利用全球癌症观测站和《五大洲癌症发病率》数据库的数据对气管癌进行了研究。我们收集了国家层面气管癌发病率、风险因素和人类发展指数（HDI）的信息。采用单变量线性回归来探讨气管癌与各种风险因素之间的关系。我们利用连接点回归分析来计算气管癌发病率的年均变化百分比（AAPC）。
2022年全球气管癌年龄标准化发病率为每1000万人中有2.9例（总计3472例），中东欧地区发病率最高（年龄标准化率=9.0），匈牙利国家发病率最高（12.5）。男性发病率（3.8）高于女性（2.0）；50 - 74岁的老年人发病率（11.9）高于15 - 49岁的年轻人（1.2）。气管癌发病率较高与吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、脂质紊乱和人类发展指数水平较高有关。尽管所有人群总体呈下降趋势（泰国下降幅度最大；AAPC：-15.06，95%置信区间：-21.76至-7.78，p = 0.002），但部分女性人群（哥伦比亚增长幅度最大，AAPC：19.28，95%置信区间：16.48至22.15，p < 0.001）和年轻人群（爱尔兰增长幅度最大；AAPC：29.84，95%置信区间：25.74至34.06，p < 0.001）出现了增长。
本研究对气管癌进行了全面分析，重点关注风险因素和人群层面的趋势。气管癌发病率总体呈下降趋势，尤其是在男性和老年人中，而女性和年轻人的下降趋势则不那么明显。需要进一步研究来探索这些流行病学趋势的潜在驱动因素。
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