Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 13;21(14):4937. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144937.
The P2X7 receptor is a ligand-gated, cation-selective channel whose main physiological ligand is ATP. P2X7 receptor activation may also be triggered by ARTC2.2-dependent ADP ribosylation in the presence of extracellular NAD. Upon activation, this receptor induces several responses, including the influx of calcium and sodium ions, phosphatidylserine externalization, the formation of a non-selective membrane pore, and ultimately cell death. P2X7 receptor activation depends on the availability of extracellular nucleotides, whose concentrations are regulated by the action of extracellular nucleotidases such as CD39 and CD38. The P2X7 receptor has been extensively studied in the context of the immune response, and it has been reported to be involved in inflammasome activation, cytokine production, and the migration of different innate immune cells in response to ATP. In adaptive immune responses, the P2X7 receptor has been linked to T cell activation, differentiation, and apoptosis induction. In this review, we will discuss the evidence of the role of the P2X7 receptor on T cell differentiation and in the control of T cell responses in inflammatory conditions.
P2X7 受体是一种配体门控、阳离子选择性通道，其主要生理配体是 ATP。P2X7 受体的激活也可能由存在细胞外 NAD 时的 ARTC2.2 依赖性 ADP 核糖基化触发。该受体一旦被激活，就会引发多种反应，包括钙离子和钠离子内流、磷脂酰丝氨酸外排、形成非选择性膜孔以及最终导致细胞死亡。P2X7 受体的激活依赖于细胞外核苷酸的可用性，其浓度受细胞外核苷酸酶（如 CD39 和 CD38）的作用调节。P2X7 受体在免疫反应中得到了广泛研究，据报道它参与了炎症小体的激活、细胞因子的产生以及不同先天免疫细胞对 ATP 的迁移。在适应性免疫反应中，P2X7 受体与 T 细胞的激活、分化和凋亡诱导有关。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 P2X7 受体在 T 细胞分化和控制炎症条件下 T 细胞反应中的作用的证据。
