Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel.
School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Nurs Health Sci. 2020 Dec;22(4):1000-1009. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12759. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
For young women, mammography has limited effectiveness and entails exposure to radiation, discomfort, and additional expense. This study identifies factors associated with women's willingness to undergo mammography despite official guidelines to the contrary. Using the Health Belief Model, we surveyed Israeli women aged 40-51 who are not at high risk of breast cancer and who had or had never undergone mammography. The results show that sociodemographic characteristics, private insurance coverage, out-of-pocket payments to physicians, and three Health Belief Model categories - lower perceived barriers to mammography, higher expectations of benefits, and stronger health motivation - are associated with the decision to undergo mammography. In addition, higher levels of perceived susceptibility to illness and experience with mammography are significant predictors of intentions to undergo early mammography. Understanding the determinants of women's tendency to undergo mammography contrary to recommendations may help nurses and healthcare policymakers to create health promotion programs targeting this group of women. Preventing unnecessary mammograms may reduce costs to households and health maintenance organizations, mitigate ineffective use of medical facilities, and alleviate the burden on the healthcare system.
对于年轻女性来说，乳房 X 光摄影的效果有限，而且会接触到辐射，带来不适，还会增加额外的费用。本研究旨在确定女性尽管有官方指南反对，但仍愿意接受乳房 X 光摄影的相关因素。本研究使用健康信念模型，对以色列 40-51 岁、没有乳腺癌高风险且已经或从未接受过乳房 X 光摄影的女性进行了调查。结果表明，社会人口统计学特征、私人保险覆盖范围、向医生支付的自付费用，以及健康信念模型的三个范畴（较低的乳房 X 光摄影感知障碍、较高的收益预期和更强的健康动机）与接受乳房 X 光摄影的决定有关。此外，较高的疾病易感性和乳房 X 光摄影经验也是进行早期乳房 X 光摄影的意图的显著预测因素。了解女性违背建议进行乳房 X 光摄影的倾向的决定因素，可能有助于护士和医疗保健政策制定者为这一女性群体制定健康促进计划。预防不必要的乳房 X 光摄影可以降低家庭和医疗保健维护组织的成本，减轻医疗设施的无效利用，并缓解医疗保健系统的负担。
