Arbuckle T Y, Gold D, Andres D
Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 1986 Mar;1(1):55-62. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.1.1.55.
Age differences in performance on memory measures and in subjective ratings of memory adequacy were examined in the context of 12 social, personality, adjustment, and lifestyle measures. Participants were 285 men and women, aged 65 to 93, of middle- and working-class backgrounds. A series of multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that a large proportion of the age differences and virtually all of the social-class differences on memory measures could be accounted for by contextual variables, with education, intellectual activity, extroversion, neuroticism, and lie scores (on the Eysenck Personality Inventory) all accounting for more of the variance in memory performance than did age. Self-rated memory adequacy was not correlated with performance, and although the expected finding of lower ratings by older participants was obtained with the working-class group, the opposite was true for the middle-class group. Implications of these results for understanding age differences in memory are discussed.
在12项社会、人格、适应和生活方式测量的背景下，研究了记忆测量表现和记忆充足性主观评分的年龄差异。参与者为285名年龄在65岁至93岁之间、来自中产阶级和工人阶级背景的男性和女性。一系列多变量和单变量分析表明，记忆测量中很大一部分年龄差异以及几乎所有社会阶层差异都可以由情境变量来解释，其中教育程度、智力活动、外向性、神经质和谎言分数（艾森克人格问卷上的）在解释记忆表现差异方面都比年龄占比更多。自我评定的记忆充足性与表现无关，虽然工人阶级组出现了老年参与者评分较低的预期结果，但中产阶级组情况相反。讨论了这些结果对理解记忆年龄差异的意义。
