Willis S L, Schaie K W
Department of Individual and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Psychol Aging. 1986 Sep;1(3):239-47. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.1.3.239.
We examined the effects of cognitive training with elderly participants from the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Subjects were classified as having remained stable or having declined over the previous 14-year interval on each of two primary abilities, spatial orientation and inductive reasoning. Subjects who had declined on one of these abilities received training on that ability; subjects who had declined on both abilities or who had remained stable on both were randomly assigned to the spatial orientation or inductive reasoning training programs. Training outcomes were examined within an ability-measurement framework with empirically determined factorial structure. Significant training effects, at the level of the latent ability constructs, occurred for both spatial orientation and inductive reasoning. These effects were general, in that no significant interactions with decline status or gender were found. Thus, training interventions were effective both in remediating cognitive decline on the target abilities and in improving the performance of stable subjects.
我们对来自西雅图纵向研究的老年参与者进行了认知训练效果研究。受试者在空间定向和归纳推理这两项主要能力上，根据其在过去14年中的表现分为能力保持稳定或下降两类。在其中一项能力上出现下降的受试者接受该项能力的训练；在两项能力上均出现下降或两项能力均保持稳定的受试者被随机分配到空间定向或归纳推理训练项目中。训练结果在一个具有实证确定的因子结构的能力测量框架内进行检验。在潜在能力结构层面，空间定向和归纳推理均产生了显著的训练效果。这些效果具有普遍性，因为未发现与下降状态或性别存在显著交互作用。因此，训练干预不仅对改善目标能力的认知下降有效，对提高能力稳定受试者的表现也有效。
