Schaie K W, Willis S L, Hertzog C, Schulenberg J E
Department of Individual and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Psychol Aging. 1987 Sep;2(3):233-42. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.2.3.233.
We report results of the first empirical test, as far as we know, of the assumption of structural invariance of latent constructs from pretest to posttest in cognitive training research on the elderly. In all, 401 participants in the Seattle Longitudinal Study, over 62 years old, received a 5-hr test battery at pre- and posttest that included 16 ability tests, marking the five primary abilities of Spatial Orientation, Inductive Reasoning, Numerical Ability, Verbal Ability, and Perceptual Speed. A total of 229 of our subjects received 5 hr of individual training on either Spatial Orientation or Inductive Reasoning. Restricted factor analysis with the LISREL algorithm tested the hypothesis of measurement equivalence across test occasions, separately for the control subjects and for each of the training groups. When ability-specific cognitive training intervenes, no structural change is observed for abilities not subject to intervention. However, slight shifts occurred in the optimal regression weights for the different markers for the training target abilities.
据我们所知，我们报告了在针对老年人的认知训练研究中，对从预测试到后测试潜在结构的结构不变性假设进行的首次实证检验结果。西雅图纵向研究中共有401名62岁以上的参与者在预测试和后测试时接受了一次为期5小时的测试组合，其中包括16项能力测试，这些测试体现了空间定向、归纳推理、数字能力、语言能力和感知速度这五种主要能力。我们的受试者中有229人接受了5小时关于空间定向或归纳推理的个人训练。使用LISREL算法进行的受限因素分析分别针对对照组受试者和每个训练组检验了不同测试场合下测量等效性的假设。当进行特定能力的认知训练干预时，未观察到未受干预能力的结构变化。然而，训练目标能力的不同指标的最优回归权重出现了轻微变化。
