Oliva Juan, López-Varcárcel Beatriz González, Pérez Patricia Barber, Peña-Longobardo Luz María, Garrido Rosa M Urbanos, González Néboa Zozaya
Departamento de Análisis Económico y Finanzas, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, España.
Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos en Economía y Gestión, Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Turismo, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
Gac Sanit. 2020;34 Suppl 1:48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
The objective of this article is to identify the effects of the Great Recession on the mental health of people residing in Spain. After presenting a conceptual framework on the mechanisms through which economic crises affect mental health, we describe the main results of 45 papers identified in our search. Studies indicate a worsening of mental health in Spain in the years of economic crisis, especially in men. Working conditions (unemployment, low wages, instability, precariousness) emerge as one of the main channels through which mental health is put at risk or deteriorates. This deterioration occurs with intensity in particularly vulnerable groups, such as immigrant population and families with economic burdens. In the case of suicides, the results were inconclusive. Regarding the use of health care services, an increase in the consumption of certain drugs seems to be identified, although the conclusions of all the studies are not coincidental. Social inequalities in mental health do not seem to have remitted. We conclude that Spain needs to improve information systems to a better understanding of the health effects of economic crises. In terms of public policies, together with the reinforcement of health services aimed at addressing mental health problems, an income guarantee network for people in vulnerable situations should be promoted, as well as the development of policies aimed at the labour market.
本文的目的是确定大衰退对居住在西班牙的人们心理健康的影响。在介绍了经济危机影响心理健康的机制的概念框架后，我们描述了在搜索中确定的45篇论文的主要结果。研究表明，在经济危机年份，西班牙的心理健康状况恶化，尤其是男性。工作条件（失业、低工资、不稳定、不安全）成为心理健康面临风险或恶化的主要渠道之一。这种恶化在特别脆弱的群体中尤为严重，如移民人口和有经济负担的家庭。关于自杀问题，结果尚无定论。关于医疗服务的使用，似乎确定了某些药物的消费量有所增加，尽管所有研究的结论并不一致。心理健康方面的社会不平等似乎并未缓解。我们得出结论，西班牙需要改进信息系统，以便更好地了解经济危机对健康的影响。在公共政策方面，除了加强旨在解决心理健康问题的卫生服务外，还应促进为弱势群体建立收入保障网络，以及制定针对劳动力市场的政策。
