Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Jul 16;17(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-00995-8.
Research has suggested the positive impact of physical activity on health and wellbeing in older age, yet few studies have investigated the associations between physical activity and heterogeneous trajectories of healthy ageing. We aimed to identify how physical activity can influence healthy ageing trajectories using a harmonised dataset of eight ageing cohorts across the world.
Based on a harmonised dataset of eight ageing cohorts in Australia, USA, Mexico, Japan, South Korea, and Europe, comprising 130,521 older adults (M = 62.81, SD = 10.06) followed-up up to 10 years (M = 5.47, SD = 3.22), we employed growth mixture modelling to identify latent classes of people with different trajectories of healthy ageing scores, which incorporated 41 items of health and functioning. Multinomial logistic regression modelling was used to investigate the associations between physical activity and different types of trajectories adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other lifestyle behaviours.
Three latent classes of healthy ageing trajectories were identified: two with stable trajectories with high (71.4%) or low (25.2%) starting points and one with a high starting point but a fast decline over time (3.4%). Engagement in any level of physical activity was associated with decreased odds of being in the low stable (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.19) and fast decline trajectories groups (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.50) compared to the high stable trajectory group. These results were replicated with alternative physical activity operationalisations, as well as in sensitivity analyses using reduced samples.
Our findings suggest a positive impact of physical activity on healthy ageing, attenuating declines in health and functioning. Physical activity promotion should be a key focus of healthy ageing policies to prevent disability and fast deterioration in health.
研究表明，身体活动对老年人的健康和幸福感有积极影响，但很少有研究调查身体活动与健康老龄化的异质轨迹之间的关系。我们旨在使用来自全球 8 个老龄化队列的协调数据集来确定身体活动如何影响健康老龄化轨迹。
基于澳大利亚、美国、墨西哥、日本、韩国和欧洲的 8 个老龄化队列的协调数据集，包含 130521 名年龄在 60 岁以上的成年人（M=62.81，SD=10.06），随访时间长达 10 年（M=5.47，SD=3.22），我们使用增长混合模型来识别健康老龄化评分不同轨迹的潜在人群类别，该模型包含 41 项健康和功能项目。使用多项逻辑回归模型来调查身体活动与不同类型轨迹之间的关联，这些轨迹通过调整社会人口统计学特征和其他生活方式行为来进行调整。
确定了三种健康老龄化轨迹的潜在类别：两种具有稳定轨迹的人群，其起点较高（71.4%）或较低（25.2%），还有一种起点较高但随着时间的推移快速下降（3.4%）。与高稳定轨迹组相比，任何水平的身体活动参与都与较低稳定（OR：0.18；95%CI：0.17，0.19）和快速下降轨迹组（OR：0.44；95%CI：0.39，0.50）的可能性降低相关。这些结果通过替代身体活动操作化和使用简化样本的敏感性分析得到了复制。
我们的研究结果表明，身体活动对健康老龄化有积极影响，可以减缓健康和功能的下降。身体活动促进应该是健康老龄化政策的一个关键重点，以预防残疾和健康的快速恶化。
