Ou Xumin, Peng Wenjing, Yang Zhishuang, Cao Jingyu, Wang Mingshu, Peppelenbosch Maikel P, Pan Qiuwei, Cheng Anchun
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Nov;85:104460. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104460. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Viral infection heavily relies on host transfer RNA (tRNA) for viral RNA decoding. Counterintuitively, not all tRNA species based on anticodon are matched to all 64-triplet codons during evolution. Life solves this problem by cognate tRNA species via wobbling decoding. We found that 14 out of 64 tRNA genes in humans and the main avian species (chicken and duck) were parallelly missing, including 8 tRNA-ANN and 6 tRNA-GNN species. By analyzing the conservation of key motifs in tRNA genes, we found that box A and B served as intragenic tRNA promoters were evolutionally conserved among human, chicken, and duck. Thus, decoding viral RNA by similar wobbling strategies and tRNA transcripts may be parallelly used by human, chicken, and duck. We envisioned that many basic mechanisms regarding viral RNA decoding were possibly conserved in these hosts and may consequently promote cross-species infection. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essentially required for gene decoding. Despite the universal nature of genetic codon, not all tRNA genes are common to all organisms. Here, we would like to discuss fundamental problems and possible effects arising from the evolutionarily missing and conserved tRNA genes in human, chicken, and duck (Alkatib et al., 2012; Ou et al., 2019; Rogalski et al., 2008). Among these three organisms, viruses especially the avian influenza virus can crossly infect (Pepin et al., 2010). For multi-host viruses, similar viral RNA decoding strategies may be parallelly used by different hosts. Because viral cross-species infection heavily relies on host tRNAs of different species for viral RNA decoding (Ou et al., 2020; van Weringh et al., 2011). We envisioned that many basic mechanisms regarding viral RNA decoding were possibly conserved in these three hosts and may consequently promote cross-species infection.
病毒感染严重依赖宿主转运RNA（tRNA）来解码病毒RNA。与直觉相反的是，在进化过程中，并非所有基于反密码子的tRNA种类都能与所有64种三联体密码子相匹配。生命通过同源tRNA种类的摆动解码来解决这个问题。我们发现，人类和主要禽类（鸡和鸭）的64个tRNA基因中有14个是平行缺失的，包括8种tRNA-ANN和6种tRNA-GNN种类。通过分析tRNA基因中关键基序的保守性，我们发现作为基因内tRNA启动子的A盒和B盒在人类、鸡和鸭中具有进化保守性。因此，人类、鸡和鸭可能平行地使用相似的摆动策略和tRNA转录本来解码病毒RNA。我们设想，许多关于病毒RNA解码的基本机制可能在这些宿主中是保守的，因此可能会促进跨物种感染。转运RNA（tRNA）是基因解码所必需的。尽管遗传密码具有通用性，但并非所有tRNA基因在所有生物体中都是常见的。在这里，我们将讨论人类、鸡和鸭中进化上缺失和保守的tRNA基因所引发的基本问题和可能的影响（Alkatib等人，2012年；Ou等人，2019年；Rogalski等人，2008年）。在这三种生物体中，病毒尤其是禽流感病毒可以交叉感染（Pepin等人，2010年）。对于多宿主病毒，不同宿主可能平行地使用相似的病毒RNA解码策略。因为病毒跨物种感染严重依赖不同物种的宿主tRNA来解码病毒RNA（Ou等人，2020年；van Weringh等人，2011年）。我们设想，许多关于病毒RNA解码的基本机制可能在这三种宿主中是保守的，并因此可能促进跨物种感染。
