Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 15;21(14):4995. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144995.
Mitochondrial transfer has been recognized to play a role in a variety of processes, ranging from fertilization to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases as well as mammalian horizontal gene transfer. It is achieved through either exogeneous or intercellular mitochondrial transfer. From the viewpoint of evolution, exogeneous mitochondrial transfer is quite akin to the initial process of symbiosis between α-protobacterium and archaea, although the progeny have developed more sophisticated machinery to engulf environmental materials, including nutrients, bacteria, and viruses. A molecular-based knowledge of endocytosis, including macropinocytosis and endosomal escape involving bacteria and viruses, could provide mechanistic insights into exogeneous mitochondrial transfer. We focus on exogeneous mitochondrial transfer in this review to facilitate the clinical development of the use of isolated mitochondria to treat various pathological conditions. Several kinds of novel procedures to enhance exogeneous mitochondrial transfer have been developed and are summarized in this review.
线粒体转移已被认为在多种过程中发挥作用，范围从受精到癌症和神经退行性疾病以及哺乳动物的水平基因转移。它通过外源性或细胞间线粒体转移来实现。从进化的角度来看，外源性线粒体转移与 α-原细菌和古细菌之间最初的共生过程非常相似，尽管后代已经发展出更复杂的机制来吞噬环境物质，包括营养物质、细菌和病毒。基于分子的内吞作用知识，包括涉及细菌和病毒的巨胞饮作用和内体逃逸，可能为外源性线粒体转移提供机制上的见解。我们在这篇综述中专注于外源性线粒体转移，以促进利用分离的线粒体治疗各种病理状况的临床发展。已经开发出几种新型的增强外源性线粒体转移的方法，并在本文中进行了总结。
