Craik Fergus I M, Byrd Mark, Swanson James M
U Toronto, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 1987 Mar;2(1):79-86. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.2.1.79.
Three groups of people ranging in age from 64 to 88 years performed tasks of word generation, paired-associate recall, and free and cued recall. The groups differed in socioeconomic status, verbal intelligence, and apparent levels of daily activity. A fourth group, consisting of young undergraduates, was also tested. Results showed that whereas there were age-related differences in some tests, these age differences were strongly modulated by characteristics of the participants and characteristics of the tasks. The findings are discussed in a contextualist framework.
三组年龄在64岁至88岁之间的人进行了单词生成、配对联想回忆以及自由回忆和线索回忆任务。这几组在社会经济地位、语言智力和日常活动的明显程度方面存在差异。还对由年轻本科生组成的第四组进行了测试。结果表明，虽然在某些测试中存在与年龄相关的差异，但这些年龄差异受到参与者特征和任务特征的强烈调节。研究结果在情境主义框架中进行了讨论。
