成年人在综合空间能力方面的年龄差异。

Adult age differences in integrative spatial ability.

作者信息

Salthouse T A

机构信息

School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332.

出版信息

Psychol Aging. 1987 Sep;2(3):254-60. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.2.3.254.

DOI:10.1037//0882-7974.2.3.254

PMID:3268216

Abstract

Young and older adults were contrasted in three experiments that involved manipulation of the number of required spatial integration operations (Experiments 1 and 2) and manipulation of the amount of information per operation (Experiment 3). Older adults performed at lower levels of accuracy than did young adults in each experiment. However, the magnitude of the age differences tended to increase with each successive integration operation but was constant across different quantities of relevant information. I interpreted these results as suggesting that one factor responsible for age differences in tests of spatial ability is an age-related reduction in the efficiency of executing operations responsible for the accurate and stable representation of spatial information.

摘要

在三项实验中对年轻人和老年人进行了对比，这些实验涉及对所需空间整合操作数量的操控（实验1和实验2）以及对每个操作信息量的操控（实验3）。在每项实验中，老年人的准确性表现都低于年轻人。然而，年龄差异的幅度往往随着连续的整合操作而增加，但在不同数量的相关信息中保持不变。我将这些结果解释为表明，导致空间能力测试中年龄差异的一个因素是与年龄相关的执行负责准确和稳定表征空间信息操作的效率降低。