Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2020 Sep;93(1):e100. doi: 10.1002/cpns.100.
Deficits in decision making are at the heart of many psychiatric diseases, such as substance abuse disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Consequently, rodent models of decision making are germane to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying adaptive choice behavior and how such mechanisms can become compromised in pathological conditions. A critical factor that must be integrated with reward value to ensure optimal decision making is the occurrence of consequences, which can differ based on probability (risk of punishment) and temporal contiguity (delayed punishment). This article will focus on two models of decision making that involve explicit punishment, both of which recapitulate different aspects of consequences during human decision making. We will discuss each behavioral protocol, the parameters to consider when designing an experiment, and finally how such animal models can be utilized in studies of psychiatric disease. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Behavioral training Support Protocol: Equipment testing Alternate Protocol: Reward discrimination Basic Protocol 2: Risky decision-making task (RDT) Basic Protocol 3: Delayed punishment decision-making task (DPDT).
决策缺陷是许多精神疾病的核心问题，例如物质滥用障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍。因此，啮齿动物的决策模型对于理解适应性选择行为的神经机制以及这些机制如何在病理条件下受到损害具有重要意义。一个必须与奖励价值相结合以确保最佳决策的关键因素是后果的发生，这可能因概率（受惩罚的风险）和时间连续性（延迟惩罚）而异。本文将重点介绍两种涉及明确惩罚的决策模型，这两种模型都概括了人类决策过程中的不同后果方面。我们将讨论每个行为协议，设计实验时要考虑的参数，以及此类动物模型如何在精神疾病研究中得到利用。© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. 基本方案 1：行为训练 支持方案：设备测试 替代方案：奖励辨别 基本方案 2：冒险决策任务 (RDT) 基本方案 3：延迟惩罚决策任务 (DPDT)。
