Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-900, Brazil.
Embrapa Gado de Leite/CNPGL, Juiz de Fora, MG, CEP 36.038-330, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 21;10(1):12112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68973-5.
A major challenge for global agriculture is the reduction of the environmental impacts caused by meat and dairy production, and the conversion of monocultural pastures to silvopastoral systems has emerged as an important ally in this process. In order to understand the effects of this conversion we analysed 4 years of sampling of the insect fauna from a conventional monocultural pasture and a silvopastoral system in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We aimed to determine whether the changes caused by the conversion affected the abundance, richness and diversity of the insect orders found in the two systems. Total abundance, richness and diversity did not differ between the two systems, but we detected a significant difference in community composition. Several insect orders showed differences in either abundance, richness or diversity between the two systems, and several families of Hymenoptera, which contains pollinators and natural enemies, showed important increases in the silvopasture. Conversion of monocultural pastures to silvopastures can have important consequences on insect fauna involved in essential ecosystem functions, and the implementation of silvopastures at larger scales has the potential to benefit biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision at the landscape scale.
全球农业面临的一个主要挑战是减少肉类和奶制品生产对环境的影响，将单一栽培牧场转变为农林复合系统已成为这一过程中的重要盟友。为了了解这种转变的影响，我们分析了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州一个传统的单一栽培牧场和一个农林复合系统 4 年的昆虫区系样本。我们旨在确定这种转变引起的变化是否会影响两个系统中发现的昆虫目数量、丰富度和多样性。两个系统的总丰度、丰富度和多样性没有差异，但我们检测到群落组成存在显著差异。几个昆虫目在两个系统之间的丰度、丰富度或多样性方面存在差异，而膜翅目（包含传粉者和天敌）的几个科在农林复合系统中显著增加。将单一栽培牧场转变为农林复合系统可能会对参与重要生态系统功能的昆虫区系产生重要影响，在更大规模上实施农林复合系统有可能有利于保护生物多样性和提供生态系统服务。
