Prete Giulia, Bondi Danilo, Verratti Vittore, Aloisi Anna Maria, Rai Prabin, Tommasi Luca
Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
PeerJ. 2020 Jul 7;8:e9344. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9344. eCollection 2020.
Previous studies have shown that music preferences are influenced by cultural "rules", and some others have suggested a universal preference for some features over others.
We investigated cultural differences on the "consonance effect", consisting in higher pleasantness judgments for consonant compared to dissonant chords-according to the Western definition of music: Italian and Himalayan participants were asked to express pleasantness judgments for consonant and dissonant chords. An Italian and a Nepalese sample were tested both at 1,450 m and at 4,750 m of altitude, with the further aim to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on this task. A third sample consisted of two subgroups of Sherpas: lowlanders (1,450 m of altitude), often exposed to Western music, and highlanders (3,427 m of altitude), less exposed to Western music. All Sherpas were tested where they lived.
Independently from the altitude, results confirmed the consonance effect in the Italian sample, and the absence of such effect in the Nepalese sample. Lowlander Sherpas revealed the consonance effect, but highlander Sherpas did not show this effect.
Results of this pilot study show that neither hypoxia (altitude), nor demographic features (age, schooling, or playing music), nor ethnicity per se influence the consonance effect. We conclude that music preferences are attributable to music exposure.
先前的研究表明，音乐偏好受文化“规则”影响，还有一些研究表明，人们对某些音乐特征普遍存在偏好。
我们研究了“和谐效应”方面的文化差异，即根据西方音乐定义，协和和弦比不协和和弦更令人愉悦：我们要求意大利和喜马拉雅地区的参与者对协和和弦和不协和和弦表达愉悦程度的判断。对意大利和尼泊尔的样本分别在海拔1450米和4750米处进行测试，进一步目的是评估低氧对这项任务的影响。第三个样本由夏尔巴人的两个亚组组成：低海拔地区居民（海拔1450米），经常接触西方音乐；高海拔地区居民（海拔3427米），较少接触西方音乐。所有夏尔巴人都在他们居住的地方接受测试。
与海拔无关，结果证实意大利样本中存在和谐效应，而尼泊尔样本中不存在这种效应。低海拔地区的夏尔巴人表现出和谐效应，但高海拔地区的夏尔巴人没有表现出这种效应。
这项初步研究的结果表明，低氧（海拔）、人口统计学特征（年龄、受教育程度或演奏音乐）以及种族本身均不影响和谐效应。我们得出结论，音乐偏好归因于音乐接触。
