Section for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 21;12(7):2166. doi: 10.3390/nu12072166.
Mitochondria are active independent organelles that not only meet the cellular energy requirement but also regulate central cellular activities. Mitochondria can play a critical role in physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Differences in mitochondrial function have been found between healthy and complicated pregnancies. Pregnancy signifies increased nutritional requirements to support fetal growth and the metabolism of maternal and fetal tissues. Nutrient availability regulates mitochondrial metabolism, where excessive macronutrient supply could lead to oxidative stress and contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, while micronutrients are essential elements for optimal mitochondrial processes, as cofactors in energy metabolism and/or as antioxidants. Inadequate macronutrient and micronutrient consumption can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, possibly through mitochondrial dysfunction, by impairing energy supply, one-carbon metabolism, biosynthetic pathways, and the availability of metabolic co-factors which modulate the epigenetic processes capable of establishing significant short- and long-term effects on infant health. Here, we review the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients on mitochondrial function and its influence on maternal and infant health.
线粒体是活跃的独立细胞器，不仅满足细胞的能量需求，还调节细胞的核心活动。线粒体在妊娠期间的生理适应中可以发挥关键作用。在健康和复杂的妊娠之间发现了线粒体功能的差异。妊娠意味着需要增加营养来支持胎儿生长和母体及胎儿组织的代谢。营养物质的可利用性调节线粒体代谢，过多的大量营养素供应可能导致氧化应激，并导致线粒体功能障碍，而微量营养素是最佳线粒体过程的必需元素，作为能量代谢的辅助因子和/或作为抗氧化剂。大量营养素和微量营养素摄入不足可能导致不良的妊娠结局，可能通过线粒体功能障碍，损害能量供应、一碳代谢、生物合成途径以及调节表观遗传过程的代谢辅助因子的可利用性，这些过程能够对婴儿健康产生重大的短期和长期影响。在这里，我们综述了大量营养素和微量营养素对线粒体功能及其对母婴健康的影响的重要性。
