Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Apr;21(4):204-224. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-0210-7. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function, mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell biology recently expanded when we recognized that they are key platforms for a plethora of cell signalling cascades. This functional versatility is tightly coupled to constant reshaping of the cellular mitochondrial network in a series of processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial membrane dynamics and involving organelle fusion and fission (division) as well as ultrastructural remodelling of the membrane. Accordingly, mitochondrial dynamics influence and often orchestrate not only metabolism but also complex cell signalling events, such as those involved in regulating cell pluripotency, division, differentiation, senescence and death. Reciprocally, mitochondrial membrane dynamics are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications of its machinery and by the formation of membrane contact sites between mitochondria and other organelles, both of which have the capacity to integrate inputs from various pathways. Here, we discuss mitochondrial membrane dynamics and their regulation and describe how bioenergetics and cellular signalling are linked to these dynamic changes of mitochondrial morphology.
线粒体由于能够有效地产生维持正常细胞功能所需的 ATP，因此通常被认为是细胞的“动力工厂”。然而，当我们认识到它们是众多细胞信号级联反应的关键平台时，我们对线粒体在细胞生物学中的作用的理解最近得到了扩展。这种多功能性与一系列过程中细胞中线粒体网络的不断重塑密切相关，这些过程统称为线粒体膜动力学，涉及细胞器融合和裂变（分裂）以及膜的超微结构重塑。因此，线粒体动力学不仅影响代谢，而且还常常协调复杂的细胞信号事件，例如调节细胞多能性、分裂、分化、衰老和死亡的信号事件。反过来，线粒体膜动力学受到其机制的翻译后修饰以及线粒体和其他细胞器之间形成的膜接触位点的广泛调节，这两者都有能力整合来自各种途径的输入。在这里，我们讨论了线粒体膜动力学及其调节，并描述了生物能量学和细胞信号如何与线粒体形态的这些动态变化相关联。
