神经发育过程中大麻及非法药物使用与相关结构、功能和认知结果：一项系统评价方案

Cannabis and Illicit Drug Use During Neurodevelopment and the Associated Structural, Functional and Cognitive Outcomes: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

作者信息

Debenham Jennifer, Newton Nicola, Birrell Louise, Yücel Murat, Lees Briana, Champion Katrina

机构信息

The Matilda Centre for Research into Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Brain & Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

出版信息

JMIR Res Protoc. 2020 Jul 27;9(7):e18349. doi: 10.2196/18349.

DOI:10.2196/18349

PMID:32716005

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7418018/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

High rates of cannabis and illicit drug use are experienced by young people during the final stages of neurodevelopment (aged 15-24 years), a period characterized by high neuroplasticity. Frequent drug use during this time may interfere with neurophysiological and neuropsychological development pathways, potentially leading to ongoing unfavorable neuroadaptations. The dose-response relationship between illicit drug use, exposure, and individual neurodevelopmental variation is unknown but salient with global shifts in the legal landscape and increasingly liberal attitudes and perceptions of the harm caused by cannabis and illicit drugs.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to synthesize longitudinal studies that investigate the effects of illicit drug use on structural, functional, and cognitive brain domains in individuals under the neural age of adulthood (25 years). This protocol outlines prospective methods that will facilitate an exhaustive review of the literature exploring pre- and post-drug use brain abnormalities arising during neurodevelopment.

METHODS

Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science) will be systematically searched between 1990 and 2019. The search terms will be a combination of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), with keywords adapted to each database. Study reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and if relevant, study quality will be assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible studies are those that sampled youth exposed to cannabis or illicit drugs and employed neurophysiological or neuropsychological assessment techniques. Studies will be excluded if participants had been clinically diagnosed with any psychiatric, neurological, or pharmacological condition.

RESULTS

This is an ongoing review. As of February 2020, papers are in full-text screening, with results predicted to be complete by July 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Integrating data collected on the three brain domains will enable an assessment of the links between structural, functional, and cognitive brain health across individuals and may support the early detection and prevention of neurodevelopmental harm.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

PROSPERO CRD42020151442; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=151442.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/18349.

摘要

背景

在神经发育的最后阶段（15 - 24岁），年轻人中大麻和非法药物使用率较高，这一时期神经可塑性很强。在此期间频繁使用药物可能会干扰神经生理和神经心理发育途径，潜在地导致持续的不良神经适应。非法药物使用、暴露与个体神经发育差异之间的剂量反应关系尚不清楚，但随着全球法律格局的变化以及对大麻和非法药物危害的态度和认知日益宽松，这一关系变得十分突出。

目的

本系统综述旨在综合纵向研究，以调查非法药物使用对神经年龄在成年期（25岁）以下个体的大脑结构、功能和认知领域的影响。本方案概述了前瞻性方法，这将有助于详尽回顾探索神经发育过程中药物使用前后出现的大脑异常情况的文献。

方法

将对1990年至2019年间的五个电子数据库（Medline、Embase、PsycINFO、ProQuest Central和Web of Science）进行系统检索。检索词将是医学主题词（MeSH）的组合，并结合适合每个数据库的关键词。研究报告将遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，如有相关情况，将使用推荐分级、评估、制定和评价（GRADE）方法评估研究质量。符合条件的研究是那些对接触过大麻或非法药物的青年进行抽样，并采用神经生理或神经心理评估技术的研究。如果参与者已被临床诊断患有任何精神、神经或药理学疾病，则将排除该研究。