Niu Zhaomeng, Wang Tingting, Hu Pengwei, Mei Jing, Tang Zhihan
Rutgers Cancer Insititute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Aug 21;22(8):e19995. doi: 10.2196/19995.
Since January 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept over China and then the world, causing a global public health crisis. People's adoption of preventive and intervening behaviors is critical in curbing the spread of the virus.
The aim of this study is to evaluate Chinese people's adoption of health behaviors in responding to COVID-19 and to identify key determinants for their engagement.
An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed in early February 2020 among Mainland Chinese (18 years or older) to examine their engagement in preventive behaviors (eg, frequent handwashing, wearing masks, staying at home) and intervening behaviors (eg, advising family to wash hands frequently), and to explore potential determinants for their adoption of these health behaviors.
Out of 2949 participants, 55.3% (n=1629) reported frequent engagement in preventive health behaviors, and over 84% (n=2493) performed at least one intervening health behavior. Greater engagement in preventive behaviors was found among participants who received higher education, were married, reported fewer barriers and greater benefits of engagement, reported greater self-efficacy and emotional support, had greater patient-centered communication before, had a greater media literacy level, and had greater new media and traditional media use for COVID-19 news. Greater engagement in intervening behaviors was observed among participants who were married, had lower income, reported greater benefits of health behaviors, had greater patient-centered communication before, had a lower media literacy level, and had a greater new media and traditional media use for COVID-19 news.
Participants' engagement in coronavirus-related preventive and intervening behaviors was overall high, and the associations varied across demographic and psychosocial variables. Hence, customized health interventions that address the determinants for health behaviors are needed to improve people's adherence to coronavirus-related behavior guidelines.
自2020年1月以来，冠状病毒病（COVID-19）席卷中国，随后蔓延至全球，引发了一场全球公共卫生危机。人们采取预防和干预行为对于遏制病毒传播至关重要。
本研究旨在评估中国人在应对COVID-19时采取的健康行为，并确定其参与这些行为的关键决定因素。
2020年2月初，对中国大陆18岁及以上人群进行了一项匿名在线问卷调查，以了解他们参与预防行为（如勤洗手、戴口罩、居家）和干预行为（如建议家人勤洗手）的情况，并探索他们采取这些健康行为的潜在决定因素。
在2949名参与者中，55.3%（n=1629）报告经常参与预防性健康行为，超过84%（n=2493）至少进行了一项干预性健康行为。在接受高等教育、已婚、报告参与行为的障碍较少且益处较大、自我效能感和情感支持较强、之前有较多以患者为中心的沟通、媒体素养水平较高以及更多地通过新媒体和传统媒体获取COVID-19新闻的参与者中，预防性健康行为的参与度更高。在已婚、收入较低、报告健康行为益处较大、之前有较多以患者为中心的沟通、媒体素养水平较低以及更多地通过新媒体和传统媒体获取COVID-19新闻的参与者中，干预性健康行为的参与度更高。
参与者对冠状病毒相关预防和干预行为的参与度总体较高，且这些关联在人口统计学和社会心理变量方面存在差异。因此，需要针对健康行为的决定因素制定定制化的健康干预措施，以提高人们对冠状病毒相关行为指南的依从性。
