Abdullah Mohamad, Shahait Awni D, Qaisieh Rami, Wleidat Rakan, Al-Ramahi Mohammad, Bader Ghayda, AbuRajab Muawia O, Haddad Tala A, Al-Omari Ahmad Y, Bani Issa Mohammad S, Bader Taima, Bani Ahmad Sama, Hani Hala, Hani Haya, AlNsour Abed AlFattah, Abdin Basil
Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, GBR.
Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jun 26;14(6):e26337. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26337. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Background Since the spread of the COVID-19 virus, governments are putting significant resources into ending the pandemic. Vaccination arises as the best solution to get back to our everyday lives. However, we are now facing vaccine hesitancy, which is a critical problem. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 15, 2020, and March 1, 2021, using a validated online-based questionnaire; participants were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program based on multiple factors. Results A total of 1607 participants throughout Jordan have responded to the questionnaire, among which 880 (54.8%) have bachelor's degrees, 236 (14.7%) have a high educational level (master and doctoral), and 491 (30.5%) have a diploma or less. Although this is a non-probable sample, it is not a representative sample as, according to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), only 33.6% of the Jordan population have a tertiary education. Overall, 892 (55.5%) of the studied subjects had the intention to take the vaccine, distributed as follows: 156 (66.1%) of the high educational participants wanted to take the vaccine, compared to 512 (58.2%) of those who have bachelor's degree and 224 (45.6%) of those who have diploma or less (p < 0.001). Reading scientific articles talking about the vaccines and their effects (55.6%, p < 0.001), knowing the mechanism of action (45.2%, p = 0.007), getting proper medical advice (27.2%, p < 0.001), encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths (39.7%, p < 0.001), and the number of people who received the vaccine (16.1%, p < 0.001) were the most critical factors that played a role in taking the vaccine by all of the studied groups. Male gender (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.54-2.64; p < 0.001), high income of more than 1000 JDs (1400 USD) (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 2.21-4.71; p < 0.001), having an educational level of either high education (OR = 3.39; 95% CI = 2.07-5.55; p < 0.001) or bachelor degree (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.25-2.24; p = 0.001), and being encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths caused by COVID-19 (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.46-2.66; p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with the willingness to take the vaccine. Conclusion As the world rushes toward vaccination to end the pandemic, efforts are needed to end this phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy by enlightening people with the precise knowledge regarding the vaccine's mechanism of action, side effects, and efficacy focusing mainly on people with lower educational levels.
背景 自新冠病毒传播以来，各国政府投入大量资源以终结这一疫情大流行。接种疫苗成为回归正常日常生活的最佳解决方案。然而，我们现在正面临疫苗犹豫这一关键问题。方法 本横断面研究于2020年12月15日至2021年3月1日进行，使用经过验证的在线问卷；基于多个因素，使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）程序对参与者进行比较。结果 约旦各地共有1607名参与者回复了问卷，其中880人（54.8%）拥有学士学位，236人（14.7%）具有高等教育水平（硕士和博士），491人（30.5%）拥有文凭或更低学历。尽管这是一个非概率样本，但并非代表性样本，因为根据联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织）的数据，约旦只有33.6%的人口拥有高等教育学历。总体而言，892名（55.5%）研究对象有接种疫苗的意愿，分布如下：156名（66.1%）高学历参与者想接种疫苗，相比之下，拥有学士学位的参与者中有512人（58.2%），文凭或更低学历的参与者中有224人（45.6%）（p<0.001）。阅读关于疫苗及其效果的科学文章（55.6%，p<0.001）、了解作用机制（45.2%，p=0.007）、获得适当的医疗建议（27.2%，p<0.001）、受到感染和死亡人数增加的鼓舞（39.7%，p<0.001）以及接种疫苗的人数（16.1%，p<0.001）是所有研究组中影响接种疫苗的最关键因素。男性（OR=2.02；95%CI=1.54 - 2.64；p<0.001）、月收入超过1000约旦第纳尔（1400美元）（OR=3.23；95%CI=2.21 - 4.71；p<0.001）、具有高等教育学历（OR=3.39；95%CI=2.07 - 5.55；p<0.001）或学士学位（OR=1.67；95%CI=1.25 - 2.24；p=0.001）以及受到新冠病毒感染和死亡人数增加的鼓舞（OR=1.97；95%CI=1.46 - 2.66；p<0.001）均与接种疫苗的意愿显著相关。结论 随着世界急于通过接种疫苗来终结疫情大流行，需要做出努力，通过向人们普及关于疫苗作用机制、副作用和疗效的准确知识来消除这种疫苗犹豫现象，主要针对教育水平较低的人群。
