Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Neuroscientist. 2021 Aug;27(4):388-426. doi: 10.1177/1073858420943192. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
Unravelling the complexity of the human brain is a challenging task. Nowadays, modern neurobiologists have developed 3D model systems called "brain organoids" to overcome the technical challenges in understanding human brain development and the limitations of animal models to study neurological diseases. Certainly like most model systems in neuroscience, brain organoids too have limitations, as these minuscule brains lack the complex neuronal circuitry required to begin the operational tasks of human brain. However, researchers are hopeful that future endeavors with these 3D brain tissues could provide mechanistic insights into the generation of circuit complexity as well as reproducible creation of different regions of the human brain. Herein, we have presented the contemporary state of brain organoids with special emphasis on their mode of generation and their utility in modelling neurological disorders, drug discovery, and clinical trials.
解析人类大脑的复杂性是一项具有挑战性的任务。如今，现代神经生物学家开发了 3D 模型系统，称为“脑类器官”，以克服理解人类大脑发育的技术挑战和动物模型在研究神经疾病方面的局限性。当然，像神经科学中的大多数模型系统一样，脑类器官也有其局限性，因为这些微小的大脑缺乏开始执行人类大脑运行任务所需的复杂神经元回路。然而，研究人员希望未来对这些 3D 脑组织的研究能够提供对回路复杂性产生的机制性见解，以及可重现地创建人类大脑的不同区域。在这里，我们介绍了脑类器官的当代状态，特别强调了它们的生成方式及其在神经疾病建模、药物发现和临床试验中的应用。
