Ely Danielle M, Driscoll Anne K
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2020 Jul;69(7):1-18.
Objectives-This report presents 2018 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2018 period linked birth/infant death file; the linked birth/infant death file is based on birth and death certificates registered in all states and the District of Columbia. Results-A total of 21,498 infant deaths were reported in the United States in 2018. The U.S. infant mortality rate was 5.67 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, lower than the rate of 5.79 in 2017 and an historic low in the country. The neonatal and post neonatal mortality rates for 2018 (3.78 and 1.89, respectively) demonstrated a nonsignificant decline compared with 2017 (3.85 and 1.94, respectively). The 2018 mortality rate declined for infants of Hispanic women compared with the 2017 rate; changes in rates for other race and Hispanic-origin groups were not statistically significant. The 2018 infant mortality rate for infants of non-Hispanic black women (10.75) was more than twice as high as that for infants of non-Hispanic white (4.63), non-Hispanic Asian (3.63), and Hispanic women (4.86). Infants born very preterm (less than 28 weeks of gestation) had the highest mortality rate (382.20), 186 times as high as that for infants born at term (37-41 weeks of gestation) (2.05). The five leading causes of infant death in 2018 were the same as in 2017; cause-of-death rankings and mortality rates varied by maternal race and Hispanic origin. Infant mortality rates by state for 2018 ranged from a low of 3.50 in New Hampshire to a high of 8.41 in Mississippi.
目标——本报告呈现了2018年按死亡年龄、母亲种族及西班牙裔血统、母亲年龄、孕周、主要死因和母亲居住州划分的婴儿死亡率统计数据。还对婴儿死亡率趋势进行了研究。方法——使用2018年期间关联出生/婴儿死亡档案对婴儿死亡情况和婴儿死亡率进行描述性列表呈现及解读；该关联出生/婴儿死亡档案基于所有州及哥伦比亚特区登记的出生和死亡证明。结果——2018年美国共报告了21498例婴儿死亡。美国婴儿死亡率为每1000例活产中有5.67例婴儿死亡，低于2017年的5.79例，是该国历史最低水平。2018年新生儿和新生儿后期死亡率（分别为3.78和1.89）与2017年（分别为3.85和1.94）相比呈非显著下降。与2017年相比，2018年西班牙裔女性所生婴儿的死亡率有所下降；其他种族和西班牙裔血统群体的死亡率变化无统计学意义。2018年非西班牙裔黑人女性所生婴儿的死亡率（10.75）是非西班牙裔白人（4.63）、非西班牙裔亚裔（3.63）和西班牙裔女性（4.86）所生婴儿死亡率的两倍多。极早产（孕周小于28周）出生的婴儿死亡率最高（382.20），是足月儿（孕周37 - 41周）出生婴儿死亡率（2.05）的186倍。2018年婴儿死亡的五大主要原因与2017年相同；死因排名和死亡率因母亲种族及西班牙裔血统而异。2018年各州的婴儿死亡率从新罕布什尔州的低至3.50到密西西比州的高至8.41不等。
