Salvant Valentine Sheila, Caldwell Joseph, Tailor Amrita
1242 National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2020 Jul/Aug;135(1_suppl):189S-196S. doi: 10.1177/0033354920930146.
In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its recommendations for HIV testing of 4 population groups in health care settings: adults, adolescents, pregnant women, and newborns. Important components of the revised recommendations included opt-out routine HIV screening; eliminating prevention counseling for opt-out routine HIV screening; repeat HIV testing in the third trimester for all women at high risk for acquiring HIV and for women receiving health care in facilities and/or jurisdictions with high HIV burden; testing during labor and delivery for women with undocumented HIV status; and testing the newborn when the mother's HIV status is unknown. To assess the integration of these testing recommendations into state laws and to inform future recommendations, we researched and assessed statutes and regulations that addressed HIV testing in the 4 population groups in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2018. We then classified the laws, based on their consistency with the recommendations for each of the 4 population groups. Of 31 states and the District of Columbia that had relevant laws, all addressed at least 1 component of the recommendations. Although no state had laws that incorporated all the recommendations for all the population groups, 5 states (Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, and New Hampshire) had incorporated all the recommendations for adults and adolescents, and 4 states (Connecticut, Nevada, North Carolina, and West Virginia) had incorporated all the recommendations for pregnant women and newborns.
2006年，美国疾病控制与预防中心更新了其针对医疗环境中4类人群（成人、青少年、孕妇和新生儿）进行HIV检测的建议。修订建议的重要内容包括主动退出式常规HIV筛查；取消针对主动退出式常规HIV筛查的预防咨询；对所有感染HIV高风险的女性以及在HIV负担高的机构和/或辖区接受医疗保健的女性，在孕晚期进行重复HIV检测；对HIV感染状况不明的女性在分娩时进行检测；以及在母亲HIV感染状况未知时对新生儿进行检测。为评估这些检测建议在州法律中的整合情况，并为未来的建议提供参考，我们于2018年研究并评估了美国50个州和哥伦比亚特区针对这4类人群HIV检测的法规。然后，我们根据这些法律与4类人群各自建议的一致性对其进行了分类。在有相关法律的31个州和哥伦比亚特区中，所有地区都至少涉及了一项建议内容。虽然没有一个州的法律纳入了针对所有人群的所有建议，但有5个州（特拉华州、伊利诺伊州、路易斯安那州、马里兰州和新罕布什尔州）纳入了针对成人和青少年的所有建议，有4个州（康涅狄格州、内华达州、北卡罗来纳州和西弗吉尼亚州）纳入了针对孕妇和新生儿的所有建议。
